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There is currently no standard treatment beyond first-line etoposide/platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with progressive poorly differentiated extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma. Therefore the treatment of patients whose disease progresses on or after this first-line treatment is an area of unmet need.
Combination regimens such as irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/folinic acid are a second-line treatment option currently used in Europe and world-wide for this subset of patients. However, there is currently no trial evidence supporting this treatment regimen in these patients.
Results of the NAPOLI-1 phase III trial of liposomal irinotecan in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma after gemcitabine-based therapy reported improved survival for those patients who received a combination of liposomal irinotecan with 5-FU/folinic acid compared to those patients who received 5-FU/folinic acid alone. Liposomal irinotecan has been found to show an improved distribution into tumour tissue in comparison to irinotecan, and this may have clinical benefit in patients with extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Docetaxel is standardly used as a second-line treatment option in patients with small cell lung cancer who have progressed on primary etoposide-platinum combination therapy. Therefore this drug could also have clinical benefit in patients with extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma as the biology of the disease is similar to small cell lung cancer.
The overall aim of the NET-02 trial is to select a treatment for continuation to a Phase III trial. The intention of the trial is to determine whether liposomal irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/folinic acid and docetaxel are sufficiently active in this population of patients. If both treatments are found to be efficacious, selection criteria will be applied to select a treatment to take forward.
102 eligible participants will be randomised to receive either liposomal irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/folinic acid given every 14 days, or docetaxel given every 21 days. Participants will be treated for a minimum of 6 months or until discontinuation of treatment as per protocol.
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Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity reaction to any of the components of study treatment or their excipients.
Use (including self-medication) within one week of randomisation and for the duration of the study of any of the following: St. John's wort, grapefruit, Seville oranges, medicines known to inhibit UGT1A1 (e.g. atazanavir, gemfibrozil, indinavir) and medicines known to inhibit or induce either CYP3A4 or CYP3A5
Previous treatment (for neuroendocrine carcinoma) with any of the components of combination chemotherapy regimens detailed in this study (nal-IRI or 5-FU or irinotecan or topoisomerase inhibitors or taxane-based therapy).
Incomplete recovery from previous therapy in the opinion of the investigator (surgery/adjuvant therapy/radiotherapy/chemotherapy in advanced setting), including ongoing peripheral neuropathy of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 from previous platinum-based therapy.
Concurrent palliative radiotherapy involving target lesions used for this study (<28 days from discontinuation of radiotherapy). Radiotherapy for non-target lesions is allowed if other target lesions are available outside the involved field.
Patients must not have a history of other malignant diseases (within the previous 3 years, and there must be no evidence of recurrence), other than:
Documented brain metastases, unless adequately treated (surgery or radiotherapy only), with no evidence of progression and neurologically stable off anticonvulsants and steroids.
Clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder (in the opinion of the treating clinician) including hepatic disorders, bleeding, inflammation, obstruction, or diarrhoea ≥CTCAE grade 1 (at time of study entry).
Severe arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, stroke) less than 6 months before inclusion.
New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or uncontrolled blood pressure .
Severe bone marrow failure or bone marrow depression after radiotherapy or treatment with other antineoplastic agents (defined as haematological values of haemoglobin or white blood cells or neutrophils or platelets not meeting inclusion criteria).
Known active hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or HIV infection.
Active chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Breastfeeding women.
Evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases which, in the view of the treating clinician, makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the trial.
Evidence of significant clinical disorder or laboratory finding which, in the opinion of the treating clinician, makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the trial.
Medical or psychiatric conditions that impair the ability to give informed consent.
Any other serious uncontrolled medical conditions (in the opinion of the treating clinician).
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102 participants in 2 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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