Self-Care of Hypertension Among Older Adults During COVID-19

Near East University, Turkey

Status: Completed

Conditions: Hypertension

Treatments: Other: 4-free app + PHN intervention

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT04992000

YDU/2020/76-997

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aimed to examine the effects of a public health nursing intervention plus m-Health applications for hypertension management on enhancing the Self-care, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and quality of life in older adults during the lockdown period in Jordan.

Study Hypothesis:

There are no differences between the three groups in:

H01 HTN self-care (SC-HI) score. H02 Health-related quality of life (SF-36) score. H03 The management of systolic and diastolic BP levels.

Full description

COVID-19 pandemic has affected all health aspects and aggravated chronic diseases health disparities because it is more common among vulnerable populations such as seniors 1. Hypertension (HTN) is a long-term chronic disease, affects more than 1 billion people around the world 2. In Jordan, one-third of Jordanian adults are hypertensive 3, one study expected that the prevalence of hypertension in 2013 may increase 7.2% by 2030 4, the HTN deaths rate touched 5% of total deaths, ranks Jordan number 7 in the world, and ranks the HTN at number 6 of leading causes of death, after coronary heart disease and stroke, the first and second leading causes of death in Jordan 5. If high blood pressure is uncontrolled, HTN is the main contributor to heart failure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney disease, and death 2.

Concurrent with COVID-19, care is compromised in the context of lockdown and social distancing. Patients with chronic illness at his time have the risk that they are not obtaining the necessary hospital care, and alternative solutions are required, such as improving patient's self-care of his or her chronic disease 6. Since the hospitals are occupied with COVID-19 cases, the elderly have a perceived threat of COVID-19 and have begun avoiding or delaying health care follow-up 1. It is essential that the investigators find innovative solutions and sustainable methods for patients with HTN to control the blood pressure (BP), enhance self-care, and protect them from COVID-19, and ultimately improve their quality of life.

Engaging the patient in self-care makes him/her an active participant in the management of illness 7. Researchers worked to provide patients with the essential knowledge, skills and abilities to follow treatment recommendations and tolerate blood pressure control 8,9. Although they agreed that the best ways to prevent and manage high BP are through reasonable lifestyle changes, i.e., weight loss, low salt diet, stop smoking, limited alcohol, stress management, exercise, and medication 8, this makes the managing of high BP neither more difficult, nor easier.

However, to support healthy behaviors, the big electronic revolution provides a good opportunity to involve patients suffering from HTN in the health care process and self-care engagement in a safe space 10,11. Moreover, in order to adapt to disruptions during COVID-19, telehealth, mobile health (m-health), and other technologies which support the self-care process and facilitate access to care are appropriate approaches to protect vulnerable populations who are living with chronic diseases 1,12,13. However, improving the self-care of HTN using m-health is not a new approach; it has been studied previously by researchers from different disciplines such as technical medicine, family medicine, and pharmacy 14-19, with less attention given to the nursing role.

In literature, especially nursing literature, there is a lack of sufficient scientific research on the effectiveness of m-Health, guided by nurse's intervention, on self-care of HTN, particularly among older adults12,13. Recently, one study provided a nurse-led program as an example of an effective method to HTN management among older adults 20. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic (isolation, social distancing, quarantine) show major challenges in provision of care for older adults with chronic illness 1,6. The m-Health offers a great chance for providing care during the lockdown period, which can be applied via mobile apps 21. Thus, examining m-Health Apps guided by public health nursing (PHN) interventions for the management of HTN in older adults during the pandemic can provide important empirical evidence of effectiveness of such new innovative self-care of HTN interventional methods.

In this study, the investigators aim to examine three patients outcomes; self-care of HTN, change of systolic and diastolic of BP, and quality of life in three groups of older adult patients with HTN: the interventional group (4-free Apps + PHN interventions + education), control groups 1 (4-free Apps + education), and control group 2 (education) during the imposition of lockdown in Jordan as a result of COVID-19 pandemic.

Enrollment: 120 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 55+ years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Participants were 55 years and above,
2. have follow-up with out-patients of KAUH,
3. had been diagnosed with hypertension,
4. on anti-hypertension medication- at least one drug,
5. reported that he/she has a personal smartphone (Android) - internet access is not important,
6. able to read and understand the Arabic language.

Exclusion criteria

1. Participants have Apple phones,
2. had any psychiatric or mental illness,
3. had a terminal-stage disease or were blind or deaf.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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120 participants in 3 patient groups

4-free app + PHN intervention

Experimental group

Description:

The intervention group was received initial education, 4-free apps, and followed by PHN interventions. Education, app, and PHN intervention

Treatment:

Other: 4-free app + PHN intervention

4-free app alone

Experimental group

Description:

The apps alone group received the initial education and the 4-free Apps.

Treatment:

Other: 4-free app + PHN intervention

education

No Intervention group

Description:

Standard care group received just the initial education.