Sentinel Node Vs Observation After Axillary Ultra-souND (SOUND)

European Institute of Oncology

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Early Stage Breast Carcinoma

Treatments

Procedure: Arm 1: sentinel node biopsy

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT02167490

IEO S637/311

Details and patient eligibility

About

The hypothesis of this trial are that:

avoiding axillary surgery does not worsen the outcome of patients with small breast cancer the absence of the pathological information on the risk of recurrence given by nodal status is not worsening outcome of these patients
pre-operative imaging of the axilla can identify patients with clinically relevant nodal burden.

The aims of this prospective randomized study are:

to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, SLN can be spared
to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the decision on adjuvant medical treatment can be taken according only to the biology of the tumour without the prognostic information achieved by SLNB on the nodal status
to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the patients' quality of life can be improved by a less invasive surgical procedure.

Full description

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard approach for axillary staging in patients with breast cancer worldwide. The evident trend of breast cancer treatment is going towards minimizing axillary surgery, even in presence of involvement of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). In fact, it is well known that removal of lymph nodes is performed with staging purposes and to improve regional control but not with curative intent. Recent data from a prospective randomized trial which compared axillary dissection vs. no further axillary surgery in presence of positive SLN did not show any difference in term of overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, to date the impact of the prognostic information of axillary lymph node status in the decision-making process is less important than in the past as the adjuvant treatment is more and more tailored on the biological features of the disease rather than on the risk of recurrence.

This is a prospective randomized controlled trial in which patients with small breast cancer (T<2 cm), with a negative preoperative assessment of the axilla (ultra-sound with FNAC in presence of doubtful findings) will be randomized into two treatment arms:

SLNB ± axillary dissection
No axillary surgical staging In the arm 1, no axillary dissection will be performed in case of either negative SLN or in presence of isolated tumour cells or micrometastases. SLNB will be completed by axillary dissection in presence of macrometastases diagnosed in the SLN.

The aims of this prospective randomized study are:

to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, SLN can be spared to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the decision on adjuvant medical treatment can be taken according only to the biology of the tumour without the prognostic information achieved by SLNB on the nodal status to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the patients' quality of life can be improved by a less invasive surgical procedure.

Endpoints

The primary endpoint of the study is distant-disease free survival. This endpoint, a proxi of overall survival, will allow to have reliable results in a shorter period of time compared to overall survival.

Secondary endpoints will be the cumulative incidence of distant recurrences, the cumulative incidence of axillary recurrences, the disease free survival (DFS) and the overall survival (OS). Other secondary endpoints are quality of life and evaluation of type of adjuvant treatment administered.

Sample size calculation and statistical considerations

We will consider women who will undergo SLNB as the reference group, and we will test for non-inferiority the group of women not undergoing any treatment in the axilla. For the purpose of sample size calculation, the 5-year DDFS in the reference group is assumed to be 96.5%. Overall, 1560 women (780 per arm) will be enrolled to decide whether the group without treatment of the axilla is no worse than the reference group, given a margin delta of non-inferiority of 2.5% (maximum tolerable 5-years DDFS = 94%). Statistical power and one-sided type I error are set to 80% and 5%, respectively. After 3 years from the start of accrual an interim safety analysis will be performed.

Standard survival analyses and survival analyses with competing events will be performed. Multivariable Cox regression models will be applied to adjust the risk estimates of interest for other variables. The Chi-square test for trend, Chi-square test and the Fisher exact test will be used to evaluate differences in percentages between the two treatment groups, as appropriate. The T-tests will be used to evaluate differences in means for continuous variables.

Enrollment

1,560 estimated patients

Sex

Female

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

breast cancer <2 cm, and a clinically negative axilla
any age
candidates to receive breast conserving surgery + radiotherapy
negative preoperative assessment of the axilla (ultra-sound with or without FNAC in case one doubtful node is found)
written informed consent must be signed and dated by the patient and the investigator prior to inclusion.
patients must be accessible for follow-up.

Exclusion criteria

synchronous distant metastases
previous malignancy
bilateral breast cancer
multicentric or multifocal breast cancer
previous primary systemic therapy
pregnancy or breastfeeding
pre-operative diagnosis (cytology or histology) of axillary lymph node metastases
pre-operative radiological evidence of multiple involved or suspicious nodes
patients with psychiatric, addictive, or any disorder, which compromises ability to give informed consent for participation in this study.