SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF DEEP BREATHING AND PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION EXERCISES ON MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND WELL-BEING IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS (Deep breathing)

Kırklareli University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Deep Breathing Maneuver; PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION EXERCISES

Treatments: Other: DEEP BREATHING AND PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION EXERCISES

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06972173

202300022

Details and patient eligibility

About

Exam stress in high school students, long hours of studying in the static posture, and lack of physical activity habits can cause physical and psychological discomfort in them. This discomfort can be physically seen as musculoskeletal pain, while as psychologically it can be observed as a decrease in well-being. This situation can cause the acute onset of musculoskeletal pain in students to become chronic with a decrease in well-being. On the contrary, we can observe an increase in musculoskeletal pain due to stress that may occur due to a decrease in well-being.

Musculoskeletal pain is a condition that is not fatal but severely impairs health and well-being (1). According to the biopsychosocial model, pain occurs in a complex interaction between biological, psychological and social factors (2). Therefore, pain is both a subjective experience and a physical sensation with large individual differences (3). Relaxation is now a non-pharmacological intervention that has been increasingly accepted in recent years to reduce and cope with pain (4). A person who is relaxed usually has a physical and psychological well-being and feelings of calmness (5). With relaxation exercises, the person starts to reduce anxiety level by coping with stress (6). In addition to relaxation techniques, deep breathing exercise, also known as diaphragmatic breathing, is a technique based on the idea that mind and body integration provides relaxation (7). Breathing exercises are easy to learn and practice and benefit can be obtained from deep breathing exercises performed in a short time (5 minutes of practice may be sufficient) (8). In studies in which both techniques were used separately, it was reported to provide physical and psychological relaxation.

The unique aspect of this study is the investigation of the effects of both techniques on pain and well-being in high school students using both techniques simultaneously.

For this purpose, we planned to investigate the short-term effects of deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation exercises on musculoskeletal pain and well-being in high school students.

Enrollment: 72 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 13 to 16 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• The inclusion criteria were voluntary acceptance to participate in the exercise program with parental consent, the absence of an orthopedic, neurological or psychiatric disorder that would affect participation in exercises, and full participation in exercise sessions.

Exclusion criteria

• Those who did not meet the inclusion criteria and did not voluntarily agree to participate in the study

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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72 participants in 2 patient groups

EXERCISE GROUP

Experimental group

Description:

The exercise program consisting of deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation exercises was applied to the students in the exercise group. The first exercise session was started the day after the training about the study. During the study period, the program was started at the end of school hours of high school students for a total of 20 sessions (4 weeks, every weekday), each session lasting 30 minutes. The sessions started with deep breathing exercises, continued with progressive muscle relaxation exercises, and ended with deep breathing exercises. For deep breathing exercises, students were asked to place their dominant hand on their abdomen and non-dominant hand on their chest in the semi-fowler position. Afterwards, they were instructed to breath deeply through their nose for 4 seconds and exhale through their mouth for 8 seconds. These exercises were performed as 4 repetitions with 2 minutes rest time between the exercises. When the deep breathing exercise

Treatment:

Other: DEEP BREATHING AND PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION EXERCISES

CONTROL GROUP

No Intervention group

Description:

no treatment was applied to student in the control group.