Skin Picking Approach Avoidance Task (SPAAT)

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Status: Completed

Conditions: Skin-Picking

Treatments: Behavioral: Computerized cognitive training

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT04099537

SPAAT2018

Details and patient eligibility

About

Pathological skin picking (PSP) is conceptualized as a behavioral addiction. Research has shown that behavioral addictions (e.g., problematic alcoholism or smoking) can be reduced using a cognitive retraining tool called approach-avoidance training (AAT). Participants will be randomly assigned to a single-session of AAT: (a) approach training, (b) avoidance training, or (c) placebo training and will be assessed at baseline, post-training (i.e., 30 minutes after training), and 2-week follow up. The investigators hypothesize that those in the approach training will show greater reduction in approach tendencies at post-treatment and 2-week follow up, compared to those in the approach training or placebo conditions. This study may produce data that will guide the development of a training program that focuses on the maladaptive action tendencies in skin picking symptoms.

Full description

Pathological Skin Picking (PSP) is one of many debilitating Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs) that involves repetitive picking to gain the gratification of relieving anxiety or tension. Thus, this behavior may cause infections, lesions, and scarring, resulting in psychosocial impairment or medical attention. Because of the habitual/compulsive nature of the disorder, researchers conceptualize this maladaptive coping mechanism as a behavioral addiction which may occur without conscious awareness. Therefore, it is important to identify the automatic motivational orientations behind BFRBs. There is compelling evidence to suggest that a novel technological behavior paradigm, called Approach Avoidance Training (AAT), can be used to assess and modify action tendencies (i.e., approach or avoidance) in behavioral addictions like PSP. This game-like task has the participant push (=avoid) or pull (=approach) a joystick based on a target and control stimulus presented on a computer screen. This push-pull paradigm is in response to the individual's inherent action tendencies.

The overarching goal is to determine effective principles of change in interventions for BFRBs. Therefore, assessing neurocognitive components using computer-based training programs can help identify the implicit processes underlying the disorder. The objective of the study is to examine the feasibility of using AAT to modify PSP action tendencies, and potentially improve PSP symptoms. The investigators predict that individuals with PSP will have a pathological approach tendency towards skin as measured by the Approach-Avoidance Assessment (AAA). Therefore, AAT will promote reduction of approach to skin stimuli. To retrain one's action tendencies the investigators will randomize participants to the following training conditions: Avoidance Training (AvT; avoidance of skin stimuli), Approach Training (ApT; approach skin stimuli), or Placebo Training (PT; equal approach/avoidance of skin stimuli). The investigators will also administer an eye-tracking task to assess visual gaze response to pictures of irregular skin and neutral stimuli to evaluate training-induced changes in action tendencies. Previous studies have shown the AAT's success in reducing action tendencies and symptoms in other addictions like problematic alcohol use and cigarette smoking Therefore, AAT may prove effective in modifying the behavioral addiction of PSP. Sixty adults with PSP will be randomly assigned to (a) approach training (b) avoidance training or (c) placebo training. All participants will then be sent a follow-up survey approximately two weeks after completion of the main study to determine changes in symptoms. This pilot study is expected to guide the development of an accessible, cost-efficient, and effective cognitive training programs for individuals with PSP.

Enrollment: 45 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 60 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. A current diagnosis of skin picking
2. Moderate symptoms of skin picking a Skin Picking Severity Scale (SPS) score of ≥ 7
3. Ages 18-60,
4. Fluent English speakers.

Exclusion criteria

1. Self-reported visual impairment that cannot be adjusted and will prevent participants from clearly recognizing words and pictures on computer screen
2. A positive diagnosis of bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

---

45 participants in 3 patient groups, including a placebo group

Approach cognitive training

Experimental group

Description:

This training is a single session training. Each session lasts about 30 minutes where participants are to pull the joystick toward (approach) them when seeing skin stimuli on a computer screen.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Computerized cognitive training

Avoidance cognitive training

Experimental group

Description:

This training is a single session training. Each session lasts about 30 minutes where participants are to push the joystick away (avoidance) from them when seeing skin stimuli on a computer screen.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Computerized cognitive training

Placebo cognitive training

Placebo Comparator group

Description:

This training is a single session training. Each session lasts about 30 minutes where participants are to push and pull the joystick towards or away from them (no rule) when seeing skin stimuli on a computer screen.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Computerized cognitive training