Stereotactic Boost and Short-course Radiation Therapy for Oropharynx Cancer (SHORT-OPC)

Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)

Status and phase: Enrolling; Phase 3

Conditions: Oropharynx Cancer; Human Papilloma Virus; Head and Neck Cancer

Treatments: Radiation: SABR boost and de-escalated chemoradiation; Radiation: Standard chemoradiation

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT04178174

SHORT-OPC

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is a randomized clinical trial comparing the outcomes of short-course chemoradiation consisting in stereotactic boost to the gross tumor and de-esclalated chemoradiation to the elective neck in human papilloma associated oropharynx cancer vs. the current standard 7-week course chemoradiation.

Full description

Concurrent platinum-based chemoradiation remains the standard of care in locally advanced head and neck cancer. The current standard radiation regimen consists in a 7-week course of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy to the gross tumor volume (GTV), along with bilateral prophylactic neck irradiation to an elective dose of ~ 50 Gy in 2 Gy per fraction. In addition to being cumbersome, the current protracted daily radiation course is associated with high rates of acute and late toxicities and significant deterioration of patients' quality of life. In the light of the remarkably improved prognosis of the distinct subgroup of HPV-OPC, there is growing interest for treatment de-intensification strategies in contemporaneous OPC cohorts.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) allows for ultra-precise delivery of ablative radiation dose over a small number of fractions, by combining sharp dose gradients with use of optimal image guidance. The increased conformity and reduced margins used in SABR can substantially reduce the dose to surrounding organs at risk and could therefore reduce toxicity. In addition, previous work has shown that an elective dose of 40 Gy in 2 Gy per fraction, in conjunction with chemotherapy, is sufficient for microscopic sterilisation of cancer cells and can translate into a reduction of toxicities.

The goal of this trial is to compare the efficacy and safety of short-course chemoradiation consisting in stereotactic boost to the gross tumor of 14 Gy in 2 fractions followed by de-esclalated chemoradiation (40 Gy in 20 fractions and concurrent 2 cycles of Cisplatin 100mg/m2) in human papilloma associated oropharynx cancer vs. the current standard 7-week course chemoradiation (70 Gy in 33 fractions with 2-3 cycles of Cisplatin 100mg/m2).

This is an open label randomized phase III non inferiority trial. Patients will be randomized using a 1:1 ratio between the standard and the experimental arm and will be stratified by tumor stage and use of concurrent chemotherapy.

Enrollment: 360 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥18 years
• Ability to provide written informed consent.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2.
• Biopsy proven diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx.
• Positive for HPV by p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) or HPV in-situ hybridization (ISH)
• Clinical stage T1-3, N1 M0 (Stage I-II) as per AJCC 8th edition.
• Primary tumor < 30 cc
• Planned for curative chemoradiation
• For females of child-bearing age, a negative pregnancy test

Exclusion criteria

• Clinical N3 classification, as per AJCC 8th edition
• Clinically overt extranodal extension (ENE). As per AJCC 8th edition, clinically overt ENE is defined as invasion of the skin, infiltration of musculature/fixation to adjacent structures on clinical examination, cranial nerve, brachial plexus, sympathetic trunk or phrenic nerve invasion with dysfunction).
• Previous irradiation of the head and neck region
• Previous surgery of the HNC region (except for incisional or excisional biopsies)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Connective tissue disease
• Any medical condition that could, in the opinion of the investigator, prevent follow-up after radiotherapy.
• Non-Cisplatin concurrent chemotherapy
• Prior induction chemotherapy

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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360 participants in 2 patient groups

SABR boost and de-escalated chemoradiation

Experimental group

Description:

SABR boost of 14 Gy in 2 fractions to the GTV, immediately followed by de-escalated chemoradiation. De-escalated chemoradiation will consist in 40 Gy in 20 fractions with concurrent high dose Cisplatin (3-weekly, 100 mg/m2) for 2 cycles, aiming for a cumulative dose of 200 mg/m2.

Treatment:

Radiation: SABR boost and de-escalated chemoradiation

Standard chemoradiation

Active Comparator group

Description:

The standard arm will consist of conventionally radiation to a dose of 70 Gy in 33 fractions concurrently with high dose Cisplatin (3-weekly, 100 mg/m2) for 2-3 cycles, aiming for a cumulative dose of ≥ 200 mg/m2.

Treatment:

Radiation: Standard chemoradiation