Study of add-on Ramelteon Therapy on Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Patients With Schizophrenia

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 4

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Treatments: Drug: Haloperidol; Drug: Risperidone; Drug: Haloperidol and Ramelteon; Drug: Risperidone and Ramelteon

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03075657

T/IM-NF/Pharma/01/17

Details and patient eligibility

About

The proposed study has been planned to evaluate the effect of add-on ramelteon on sleep pattern/quality and circadian rhythm disruption in patients with schizophrenia.

Full description

Schizophrenia is a mental dysfunction of thought, perception and behaviour which can be attributed to complex and dynamically interacting perturbations in multiple neurochemical systems. Along with these cardinal features of schizophrenia, sleep disorders and disturbed circadian rhythm are commonly encountered among patients. Markedly decreased sleep efficiency, delayed sleep onset and frequent awakenings are most common observations. Endogenous melatonin is a dependable biomarker of circadian rhythmicity and, it has already been found that the nocturnal rise of endogenous melatonin is blunted leading to circadian dysrhythmia in schizophrenia.

The antipsychotics prescribed for the condition though cause improvement in the cardinal symptoms of the disease but have no significant effect on melatonin levels. The blunted peak of night time melatonin secretion are not restored or even decreased even after several months therapy with antipsychotics. In this clinical scenario, add-on therapy with sedative/ hypnotics along with antipsychotics is mandate for a prescription. Previous studies revealed that add-on therapy with benzodiazepines can worsen the already existing derangement in circadian rhythm by decreasing secretion of nocturnal melatonin. A long term add on therapy with benzodiazepines in patients on antipsychotics has been found to have an increased risk of death.

Addition of melatonin to the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia elevates mood and daytime functioning in addition to improved sleep in schizophrenia patients. Melatonin, apart from being a hypnotic and circadian rhythm restoring compound, also possess neuroprotective, anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant properties. The rate limiting step of melatonin biosynthetic pathway is the alkylation of serotonin to N- acetyl serotonin, catalyzed by enzyme AANAT (aryl-alkylamine- N-acetyl-transferase). Study of AANAT enzyme and its modulation to achieve normal rhythmical secretion of melatonin can also be a potential target for resynchronising the circadian rhythm.

Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist approved for treatment of insomnia by the USFDA. It exerts its action by acting on MT1 and MT2 receptors at suprachiasmatic nucleus. The long term safety of ramelteon has been evaluated by several workers and found no significant adverse effects like abuse liability, rebound insomnia and cognitive impairment. In contrast to melatonin, it shows higher-binding affinity for MT1 and MT2 receptors, more lipophilic and has a longer half-life(t1/2 of melatonin is 20-50 min whereas that of ramelteon is 1-2.6 hrs and that of its active melabolite M-II is 2-5 hrs). In addition, ramelteon has been already evaluated as a potential adjunctive treatment for learning and memory deficits in schizophrenia.

The sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in schizophrenia have so far been given very less importance by researchers and there are limited studies targeting or modulating the melatonin pathway. Therefore, proposed study has been planned to evaluate the effect of add-on ramelteon on sleep pattern/quality and circadian rhythm disruption in patients with schizophrenia.

Enrollment: 120 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 65 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• All adult patients of either sex with age range 18-65 years with the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. (DSM-V)
• Treatment naïve patients or patients who had not taken any treatment for at least 4 weeks before inclusion.
• Legal guardian of patients consenting to participate in the study by signing the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• Schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia with somatoform disorders.
• Highly agitated patients who need immediate treatment.
• Patients who are already under treatment for the presenting conditions.
• Patients with comorbid substance abuse or history of organicity
• Patients with known history of dementia, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, diabetes mellitus.
• Pregnant and nursing women.
• History of allergy or hypersensitivity to ramelteon.
• Legal guardian of patients not willing to participate in the study.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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120 participants in 4 patient groups

Risperidone group

Active Comparator group

Description:

Schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms on Risperidone monotherapy

Treatment:

Drug: Risperidone

Risperidone with Ramelteon group

Experimental group

Description:

Schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms on Risperidone with add-on Ramelteon therapy

Treatment:

Drug: Risperidone and Ramelteon

Haloperidol group

Active Comparator group

Description:

Schizophrenia patients with predominant positive symptoms on Haloperidol monotherapy

Treatment:

Drug: Haloperidol

Haloperidol with Ramelteon group

Experimental group

Description:

Schizophrenia patients with predominant positive symptoms on Haloperidol with add-on Ramelteon therapy

Treatment:

Drug: Haloperidol and Ramelteon