Study of Whether 15 mg Dose of Ketorolac IV is as Effective as a 30 mg Dose.

University of Calgary

Status: Unknown

Conditions: Pain, Postoperative; Pain

Treatments: Drug: Ketorolac Tromethamine

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT01230463

23237

Details and patient eligibility

About

The primary aim of this study is to show the non-inferiority of 15 mg intraoperative dose of ketorolac as compared to the standard 30 mg ketorolac by looking at the VAS scores 4 hours after an adult spine surgery.

Full description

Opioids have traditionally been the cornerstone of acute postoperative pain management. Problematic side effects such as nausea, vomiting, ileus, urinary retention, excess sedation, and respiratory depression are significant disadvantages with the use of opioids. Alternative treatments have been sought. The concept of adding a nonsedating non opioid analgesic agent is appealing and has been validated by previous studies. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are nonsedating and combine analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties ideal for pain after surgery.

Ketorolac is a potent intravenous nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and a non selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor which mediates pain, inflammation and fever. It has been evaluated and used for treatment of moderate to severe pain including postoperative pain. Although intravenous route is not approved by Health Canada, its use is supported in medical literature and clinical practice.

Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of standard 30 mg intravenous ketorolac as an adjunct to opioids for postoperative pain relief. Standard parenteral dose recommended by manufacturer for healthy non elderly population is 30 mg based on a number clinical trials.

Alberta Health Services (AHS) Pharmacy formulary has approved the intravenous use of ketorolac in the dosage range of 10-30 mg depending the patient's weight and medical comorbidities.

NSAIDs, including ketorolac, have an analgesic ceiling effect in which higher doses do not provide any additional pain relief but may increase the likelihood of side effects. Single dose IM ketorolac have been studied in the past showing no difference in analgesia with the 30 and 90 mg dose. Because of risk of drug toxicity and unwanted side effects, patients should be given the lowest effective ketorolac dose. Low dose ketorolac was studied in the adolescents undergoing spine surgery and showed that dose of 0.2mg/kg (11mg) provides supplemental analgesia postoperatively. However, there were no previous studies found on review of the literature using medline search that look at parallel comparison between intraoperative doses of ketorolac in terms of efficacy and safety profile.

Enrollment: 50 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 65 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Patients booked for 1-2 level spine laminectomies and/or decompression
• Adult 18 - 65 years
• Weight of 50 - 110 kg

Exclusion criteria

• Previous lumbar laminectomy
• Current anticoagulant use with INR > 1.2
• Narcotic use > 4 weeks
• Known allergy or sensitivity to NSAID or morphine
• Renal insufficiency with creatinine >100 umol/L
• Known liver disease
• History of gastrointestinal bleeding
• Pregnancy, history of bronchial asthma
• NSAID use 2 days before surgery.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Quadruple Blind

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50 participants in 2 patient groups

15 mg ketorolac IV

Active Comparator group

Treatment:

Drug: Ketorolac Tromethamine

Drug: Ketorolac Tromethamine

30 mg ketorolac IV

Active Comparator group

Treatment:

Drug: Ketorolac Tromethamine

Drug: Ketorolac Tromethamine