Study to Determine Treatment Effects of Denosumab in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy

Amgen

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 3

Conditions: Breast Cancer

Treatments: Other: Standard of Care; Drug: Zoledronic Acid; Drug: Placebo; Drug: Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy; Biological: Denosumab

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Industry; Other

Identifiers

NCT00556374

2005-005275-15 (EudraCT Number)

ABCSG-18 (Other Identifier)

20050209

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of this study is to determine whether denosumab compared to placebo, will reduce the rate of first clinical fracture in women with non-metastatic breast cancer receiving (non-steroidal) aromatase inhibitor therapy.

Full description

Participants will remain on treatment until the required number of events (where an event is defined as first clinical fracture) is reached and all participants have had the opportunity to receive a minimum of at least 2 doses of study drug, whichever occurs later. The primary analysis data cut-off date (PADCD) is defined as the time at which the required number of events is reached and all participants have had the opportunity to receive at least 2 doses of study drug. When the PADCD is reached, all participants will discontinue study drug.

Following the study PADCD, participants will be followed every 12 months starting from their last study visit until a maximum of 66 months after PADCD.

After approval of Amendment 4, willing and eligible participants randomized to placebo during the double-blind phase may participate in an open-label phase (OLP) and receive denosumab 60 mg Q6M for up to 36 months (maximum of 7 doses).

After approval of Amendment 6 in 2019 a zoledronic acid (ZA) substudy was added to the protocol. Willing and eligible participants who participated in the OLP of the study and completed open-label denosumab may opt in to this ZA substudy and either receive a single dose of ZA (Therapy Arm), or be managed according to the current standard of care for this patient population (Control Arm).

Enrollment: 3,420 patients

Sex: Female

Ages: 45 to 100 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria for Double Blinded Phase:

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the breast;

• Female subjects with non-metastatic disease who are estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive, and who have completed their treatment pathway;

• Subjects who are currently on, or will initiate an approved non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy (eg, anastrazole) in the adjuvant setting;

• Postmenopausal woman, defined as a woman fulfilling any one of the following criteria:

  • Having undergone a bilateral oophorectomy;
  • Age ≥ 60 years;
  • Aged < 60 years meeting the following requirements:

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol in the postmenopausal range;

• A negative pregnancy test within 7 days prior to randomization. Subjects who have undergone a hysterectomy do not require a pregnancy test.

• More criteria may apply.

Exclusion Criteria for Double Blinded Phase:

• Aromatase inhibitor therapy for more than 24 months;
• Prior or concurrent treatment with Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (eg, tamoxifen);
• Evidence of metastatic disease;
• Current or prior intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate administration;
• Oral bisphosphonate treatment greater than or equal to 3 years continuously OR greater than 3 months but less than 3 years unless there was a washout period of at least 1 year prior to randomization OR any use during the 3-month period prior to randomization;
• Prior administration of denosumab;
• Known liver or renal deficiency;
• Recurrence of the primary malignancy (e.g., during the allowed interval of pretreatment with aromatase inhibitor);
• Diagnosis of any second non-breast malignancy within the last 5 years, except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, or for in situ carcinoma of the cervix uteri;
• Any kind of disorder that compromises the ability to give written informed consent and/or comply with study procedures.

Inclusion Criteria to Receive Open-label Phase Denosumab:

• Obtain signed and dated written informed consent prior to performing any study-specific procedure;
• Subjects currently taking an approved non-steroidal AIT (eg, anastrazole) or who have completed or discontinued AIT within 12 months prior to participation in the OLP;
• Randomized to placebo arm during the double-blind phase (as determined by unblinding procedures);

Exclusion Criteria to Receive Open-label Phase Denosumab:

• Current or prior IV bisphosphonate administration;

• Subjects meeting the following criteria for oral bisphosphonate treatment:

  • Greater than or equal to 3 years continuously,
  • Greater than 3 months but less than 3 years unless subject has had a washout period of at least 1 year prior to participation in the OLP,
  • Any use during the 3-month period prior to participation in the OLP;

• Prior or concurrent treatment with SERMs (eg, tamoxifen);

• Subjects who ended treatment with investigational product (IP) prematurely in the double-blind phase; Treatment with commercial denosumab (Prolia or Xgeva) prior to participation in the OLP.

Eligibility for ZA substudy Inclusion Criteria

• Obtain signed and dated written informed consent prior to performing any substudy-specific procedure

• Subjects that received OLP denosumab and completed OLP treatment

• Last OLP denosumab administration no longer than 9 months ago Exclusion Criteria

• Current or prior ZA administration.

• Subjects who ended treatment with investigational product (IP) prematurely in the double-blind phase and OL phase

• Known sensitivity or intolerance to any of the products to be administered during the substudy (eg, ZA, calcium or vitamin D)

• Known history of any of the following conditions either by subject self report or chart review

  • Paget's disease (bone), Cushing's disease, hyperprolactinemia or other active metabolic bone disease
  • Known history of hypocalcemia
  • Major surgery, or significant traumatic injury occurring within 4 weeks prior to randomization
  • Parathyroid glands in neck surgically removed.
  • Any sections of intestine removed.
  • Known human immunodeficiency virus infection
  • Active infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus

• Known liver or renal disease as determined by the investigator and indicated by the following criteria:

  • Aspartate aminotransferase ≥ 2.5 x ULN
  • Alanine transaminase ≥ 2.5 x ULN
  • Serum creatinine ≥ 2 x ULN
  • Creatine clearance < 35ml/min Subjects that are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • All subjects with reproductive potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days before randomization

• Subjects who are osteoporotic in baseline BMD

Trial design

Primary purpose: Supportive Care

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Quadruple Blind

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3,420 participants in 4 patient groups, including a placebo group

Denosumab

Experimental group

Description:

Participants received 60 mg denosumab subcutaneous injection once every 6 months. All participants continued to receive an approved non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy.

Treatment:

Drug: Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy

Biological: Denosumab

Placebo

Placebo Comparator group

Description:

Participants received placebo subcutaneous injection once every 6 months. All participants continued to receive an approved non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy.

Treatment:

Drug: Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy

Drug: Placebo

SubStudy: Zoledronic Acid

Experimental group

Description:

Eligible participants who completed the open-label phase could be enrolled into the zoledronic acid substudy and randomized to receive a single 5 mg intravenous dose of zoledronic acid 8 months after the last open-label dose of denosumab.

Treatment:

Drug: Zoledronic Acid

Substudy: Standard of Care

Other group

Description:

Eligible participants who completed the open-label phase could be enrolled into the zoledronic acid substudy and randomized to receive standard of care 8 months after the last open-label dose of denosumab.

Treatment:

Other: Standard of Care