Springfield Clinic | Clinical Research Department
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About
This phase III trial studies how well trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and tucatinib work in preventing breast cancer from coming back (relapsing) in patients with high risk, HER2 positive breast cancer. T-DM1 is a monoclonal antibody, called trastuzumab, linked to a chemotherapy drug, called DM1. Trastuzumab is a form of targeted therapy because it attaches to specific molecules (receptors) on the surface of cancer cells, known as HER2 receptors, and delivers DM1 to kill them. Tucatinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving T-DM1 and tucatinib may work better in preventing breast cancer from relapsing in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer compared to T-DM1 alone.
Full description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To determine if the invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) with T-DM1 and tucatinib is superior to the iDFS in the control arm (T-DM1 + placebo) when administered to high risk patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and residual disease after neoadjuvant HER2-directed therapy.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To evaluate whether treatment with tucatinib plus T-DM1 compared to treatment with T-DM1 alone (T-DM1 plus placebo) improves the following:
Ia. Breast cancer free survival (BCFS). Ib. Distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Ic. Brain metastases-free survival (BMFS). Id. Overall survival (OS). II. To evaluate whether treatment with tucatinib plus T-DM1 compared to treatment with T-DM1 alone (T-DM1 plus placebo) reduces the incidence of brain metastases.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.
ARM I: Patients receive T-DM1 intravenously (IV) over 30-90 minutes on day 1 and placebo orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 14 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
ARM II: Patients receive T-DM1 IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1 and tucatinib PO BID on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 14 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days, then every 6 months for 10 years.
Enrollment
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Inclusion criteria
HER2-positive status will be based on pretreatment biopsy material and defined as an immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 3+ and/or positive by in situ hybridization (ISH) according to current American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines. Central testing is not required
* Known hormone receptor (HR) status as defined by ASCO/CAP guidelines (based on pretreatment biopsy material). Hormone receptor positive status can be determined by either known positive estrogen receptor (ER) or known positive progesterone receptor (PR) status; hormone receptor negative status must be determined by both known negative ER and known negative PR
Patients with clinical stage T1-4, N0-3 disease at presentation and residual invasive disease postoperatively as defined above are eligible. (Note: Patients with T1a/bN0 tumors are not eligible at initial breast cancer diagnosis are not eligible)
Patients with residual HR-negative, HER2 positive (+) disease in the breast and/or lymph nodes per the surgical pathology report are eligible; however, patients with HR+ HER2+ cancers must have node-positive residual disease per the surgical pathology report in order to qualify for the study. The presence of residual invasive disease in the breast is not mandatory for these patients
Patients with weakly ER-positive (1-10%) breast cancer (based on the pretreatment core biopsy) are eligible even if they have node-negative disease per the surgical pathology report
The residual disease tissue (breast and/or lymph nodes) is not required to be HER2-positive, as eligibility for NCI-2020-03770 (A011801) is based on a positive HER2 status at the time of the initial breast cancer diagnosis
* Note: The presence of micrometastases in lymph nodes after preoperative therapy counts as residual disease, whereas the presence of isolated tumor cells does not
Patients with synchronous bilateral invasive disease are eligible provided both lesions were confirmed to be HER2-positive, and at least one of the lesions meets the criteria outlined above. Multifocal disease is allowed, as long as the largest biopsied breast tumor was HER2-positive
Patients must have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with one of the following regimens: docetaxel/trastuzumab/pertuzumab (THP), paclitaxel/methotrexate/cisplatin (TMP), doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel/trastuzumab/pertuzumab (AC-TH(P)); docetaxel/carboplatin/trastuzumab/pertuzumab (TCH(P)); fluorouracil/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-docetaxel/trastuzumab/pertuzumab (FAC-TH(P)), or fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide-docetaxel/trastuzumab/pertuzumab (FEC-TH(P)). Note: apart from TCHP, where T is docetaxel, treatment with docetaxel or paclitaxel is acceptable
Prior receipt of T-DM1 in the neoadjuvant setting is not allowed.
Patients may have received =< 1 cycles of T-DM1 in the adjuvant setting. Note: These patients will be randomized to receive a further 14 cycles of T-DM1 and tucatinib/placebo as tolerated. The most recent cycle of T-DM1 should have been administered =< 5 weeks prior to registration
* Note: Both of the following two criteria need to be met for the patient to be eligible for this study
All systemic chemotherapy should have been completed preoperatively unless participating in EA1181 (CompassHER2 pathologic complete response [pCR]) or the BIG DECRESCENDO Trial (which is very similar to CompassHER2 pCR in terms of study design, drugs, and eligibility). However, patients who received 4 cycles of neoadjuvant THP off study can receive a further 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively to meet eligibility for A011801. Patients who participated in EA1181 or MA41 and proceeded to surgery immediately after the de-escalated trial regimen must receive postoperative chemotherapy to complete a total of >= 6 cycles of systemic treatment prior to enrollment on A011801, as outlined above (e.g. 4 cycles pre-operatively, and 2 cycles post-operatively). The postoperative chemotherapy regimen prescribed is at the discretion of the treating oncologist (i.e. 2-4 cycles AC or THP, other). Continuation of trastuzumab + pertuzumab (HP) pre- or post-operatively as maintenance therapy (while awaiting a surgical date or an official pathology report) is allowed for all study participants
Toxicities related to prior systemic treatment should have resolved or be at baseline, apart from alopecia and peripheral neuropathy =< grade 1
Adequate excision: surgical removal of all clinically evident disease in the breast and lymph nodes as follows:
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/mm^3
Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL (Note: packed red blood cells [PRBC] transfusion is not permitted to achieve eligibility)
Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3
Creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
Total bilirubin =< 1.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or direct bilirubin within the institutional normal range for patients with Gilbert's syndrome
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
Screening left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 50% on echocardiogram (ECHO) or multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and no decrease in LVEF by more than 15% absolute percentage points from the pre-chemotherapy LVEF. Or, if pre-chemotherapy LVEF was not assessed, the screening LVEF must be >= 55% after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Note: LVEF assessment may be repeated once up to 3 weeks following the initial screening assessment to assess eligibility
Exclusion criteria
No adjuvant treatment with any anti-cancer investigational drug within 28 days prior to registration
Not pregnant and not nursing, because this study involves an agent that has known genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. Therefore, for women of childbearing potential only, a negative serum pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration is required
Patients with known active and/or untreated hepatitis B or hepatitis C or chronic liver disease are ineligible. Patients with a diagnosis of hepatitis B or C that has been treated and cleared and normal liver function are eligible to participate in the study if the other eligibility parameters are met
Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer
History of any prior (ipsi- or contralateral) invasive breast cancer within 3 years of registration
Patients with ER+ HER2+ residual invasive disease that is lymph node-negative per the surgical pathology report
Evidence of recurrent disease following preoperative therapy and surgery
Patients for whom radiotherapy would be recommended for breast cancer treatment but for whom it is contraindicated because of medical reasons (e.g., connective tissue disorder or prior ipsilateral breast radiation)
History of exposure to the following cumulative doses of anthracyclines: doxorubicin > 240 mg/m^2; epirubicin or liposomal doxorubicin-hydrochloride (Myocet) > 480 mg/m^2. For other anthracyclines, exposure equivalent to doxorubicin > 240 mg/m^2
Cardiopulmonary dysfunction as defined by any of the following:
Current severe, uncontrolled systemic disease
Major surgical procedure unrelated to breast cancer or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to registration or anticipation of the need for major surgery during the course of study treatment
History of intolerance, including grade 3 to 4 infusion reaction or hypersensitivity to trastuzumab or murine proteins or any components of the product
Peripheral neuropathy of any etiology that exceeds grade 1
Assessment by the investigator as being unable or unwilling to comply with the requirements of the protocol
Use of a strong CYP3A4 or CYP2C8 inhibitor within 2 weeks, or use of a strong CYP3A4 or CYP2C8 inducer within 5 days prior to registration is prohibited.
Primary purpose
Allocation
Interventional model
Masking
1,031 participants in 2 patient groups
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Central trial contact
Ciara C. O'Sullivan, MB, BCh, BAO
Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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