The Acute Effect of Coffee Consumption on Stomach, Self-reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Stress.

Agricultural University of Athens

Status: Completed

Conditions: Signs and Symptoms, Digestive; Increased Secretion of Gastrin; Blood Pressure; Stress

Treatments: Other: Cold espresso; Other: Hot instant coffee; Other: Hot filter coffee; Other: Cold instant coffee

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; Industry

Identifiers

NCT02253628

340302

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study investigated the acute effect of the consumption of four different kinds of coffee (hot and cold instant coffee, cold espresso and hot filter coffee) with the same caffeine content on salivary gastrin, cortisol and alpha-amylase concentrations, on self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms and on psychometric assessments in healthy individuals.

Full description

Coffee consumption is very common in Greece. Many of the consumers support that certain types of coffee and especially instant coffee cause gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy individuals. Up to now, few studies have investigated the relationship between coffee consumption, gastrointestinal symptoms and stress in healthy individuals with conflicting results.Coffee consumption is related with increased gastric acid and gastrin secretion, however it does not seem to affect stomach or stomach walls. Stress, which characterizes modern lifestyle, also is found to increase gastric acid and gastrin secretion and seems to be exclusively responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms.

Enrollment: 40 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 20 to 55 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Stable body weight for at least 1 month prior to study enrollment.

Exclusion criteria

• If one volunteer consumed breakfast more than three days a week, their daily caffeine intake was over 500 mg caffeine, was taking medication, their psychological state was strongly influenced by some exogenous factor (e.g. moving to a new house, new job, divorce e.t.c.), was on hypocaloric diet for weight loss, was smoking more than five cigarettes a day, was an athlete with very vigorous physical activity (> 4 hours vigorous exercise a day), had a history of gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, ulcers e.t.c.), depression, diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, blood disorders, liver disease, unregulated hyper - or hypothyroidism, arrhythmia, heart disease, cancer, vascular disease, recent surgery, or severe psychiatric disorders was automatically excluded from the study.

Trial design

40 participants in 4 patient groups

Trial 1

Experimental group

Description:

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Treatment:

Other: Cold instant coffee

Other: Hot filter coffee

Other: Hot instant coffee

Other: Cold espresso

Trial 2

Experimental group

Description:

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Treatment:

Other: Cold instant coffee

Other: Hot filter coffee

Other: Hot instant coffee

Other: Cold espresso

Trial 3

Experimental group

Description:

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Treatment:

Other: Cold instant coffee

Other: Hot filter coffee

Other: Hot instant coffee

Other: Cold espresso

Trial 4

Experimental group

Description:

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Treatment:

Other: Cold instant coffee

Other: Hot filter coffee

Other: Hot instant coffee

Other: Cold espresso