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We want to investigate the association between fundal pressure in the second stage and the risk of levator ani muscle (LAM) injury.
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We will recruit women immediately following their first vaginal delivery. Women who underwent Kristeller maneuver will be recruit as cases. For each case, a control (no fundal pressure) will be recruit matched by BMI, second stage duration and birthweight. All women will be invited to undergo a postpartum 3D transperineal ultrasound (TPUS). The main outcome measure will be the presence of LAM avulsion at 3D TPUS. TPUS results will be compared between cases and controls.
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86 participants in 2 patient groups
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