The Effect of Birth Ball and Perineal Massage on Perineal Pain, Perineal Trauma and Birth Satisfaction

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

Status: Not yet enrolling

Conditions: Birth Satisfaction; Perineal Pain; Perineal Laceration, Tear, or Rupture During Delivery

Treatments: Other: Perineal Massage; Other: Birth Ball; Other: Control Group

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06935643

IUC-EBE-IA-01

Details and patient eligibility

About

One of the important causes of perineal trauma is perineal tension. By reducing this tension, perineal trauma can be prevented. Perineal trauma is a birth complication that can be prevented with midwifery approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of birth ball and perineal massage on perineal pain, perineal trauma and labor satisfaction in the intrapartum period.

Full description

Perineal trauma is the disruption of perineal integrity that develops in the genital area at birth and occurs spontaneously or as a result of surgical intervention. One of the important causes of perineal trauma is perineal tension. Perineal traumas can be prevented by reducing this tension.Birth ball and perineal massage are recommended approaches to prevent perineal trauma from the active phase. As a result of these approaches, an increase in birth satisfaction, an increase in quality of life, a decrease in perineal pain and continuity of communication between mother and baby are provided.Massage is started by applying a lubricant to the hands and the fingers are placed into the vagina until the first knuckle. The thumb and index fingers are moved in a "U" shape by pressing the rectum and the tension of the perineal muscles is reduced. In the Positive Birth Experience Booklet published by the World Health Organization, it recommends perineal massage in the second stage of labor to facilitate vaginal delivery and reduce perineal trauma. At a high level of evidence, perineal massage is recommended to prevent third and fourth degree perineal trauma. Perineal trauma care is a condition that increases the cost of delivery, and perineal massage reduces the cost of care and provides quality midwifery care.The use of a birth ball in the intrapartum period increases uterine blood flow, relaxes the muscles and thus reduces pain. Its use is recommended because of its effects on the birth process such as completing the engagement of the fetal head, shortening the duration of the latent phase and increasing the comfort of labor. In addition, the movement of the mother on the birth ball increases the flexibility of the perineal muscles and reduces the risk of perineal trauma. The use of a birth ball is recommended in the first and second stages of labor.

Enrollment: 144 estimated patients

Sex: Female

Ages: 18 to 35 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Between 18-35 years old
• Active phase
• Multipar
• Singleton pregnancy
• No risky pregnancy
• No complications for vaginal delivery
• Gestational week between 37-42
• The amniotic membrane has not opened
• No perineal scar tissue
• The anterior cephalic position of the fetal head
• Can speak and understand Turkish
• Pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

• Macrosomic fetus (birth weight over 4000 grams according to ultrasound calculation)
• Vaginal infection and/or sexually transmitted disease

Research Termination Criteria

• Cesarean section decision following trauma (due to fetal distress etc.)
• Pregnant women who develop complications during labor (instrumental delivery, etc.)
• Pregnant women who wish to withdraw from work

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Triple Blind

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144 participants in 3 patient groups

Birth Ball Group

Active Comparator group

Description:

The use of a birth ball is a non-pharmacological method to reduce labor pain is one of the methods. It is a low-cost and reliable method of dealing with pain. Birth balls of different sizes and shapes such as Swiss ball, bean-shaped, peanut-shaped are used. The birth ball , which is usually 55 cm or 65 cm in diameter, is round and plastic. Sitting on the birth ball, rocking and pelvic rotation movements reduce pain in pregnant women and facilitate labor.

Treatment:

Other: Birth Ball

Perineal Massage Group

Active Comparator group

Description:

Perineal massage; It is a safe method of preventing perineal trauma. As a result of studies on the use of liquid petroleum jelly for perineal massage application, the importance of vaseline perineal massage in preventing the development of trauma has been emphasized. Thanks to the lubricating effect of liquid petroleum jelly, it has been observed that the risk of developing perineal trauma is reduced

Treatment:

Other: Perineal Massage

Control Group

Active Comparator group

Description:

Pregnant women in the control group will be given routine midwifery care without any intervention.

Treatment:

Other: Control Group