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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of breast cancer and BSE education given to women aged 40 and over using a breast examination simulator on women's breast cancer knowledge levels and health beliefs. Data were collected in the study using the "Personal Information Form, CHAMPION Health Belief Model Scale, Comprehensive Breast Cancer Knowledge Test". A breast cancer education program was applied to the women in the experimental group. The content of the education given to the experimental group was prepared in accordance with the "Breast Cancer Prevention, Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up Clinical Guide 2020 (Version 1.0)" of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey. After the completion of the theoretical education, each woman in the experimental group was given BSE practical training using the "Wearable Breast Examination Simulator" by the first researcher in accordance with the steps in the "Breast Self-Examination" brochure by the "Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey". Then, each woman was provided with the simulator to wear and perform BSE on a model. The application was completed when each woman was able to perform BSE correctly. The success indicator of the practical training was that the woman performed the BSE steps correctly as shown in the brochure and detected at least three tumors in the simulator. The second and third researchers performed the application on the model until each woman in the experimental group performed the procedure steps completely and correctly. The brochure was given to each woman in the experimental group both in print and electronically. A standard reminder message was sent to the experimental group in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months to perform BSE. Pre-test and post-test data were collected from the control group. No individual in the experimental or control groups was harmed in this study.
Full description
Methods Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the training given to women aged 40 and over on breast cancer and BSE using a breast examination simulator on women's breast cancer knowledge levels and health beliefs.
Type of Study This study is a randomised controlled experimental type. The research was conducted with triple blinding method.
The research data were collected by a trained interviewer independent of the researchers. The women in the experimental and control groups were not informed which group they were included in. The data were analysed by a statistician independent of the researchers.
Research Population-Sample The population of the study consisted of patients aged 40 and over who applied to the gynaecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic of XXX Health Practice and Research Hospital and who met the inclusion criteria of the study. In determining the sample size, the mean and standard deviation values (experiment: 23.97±2.40; control: 25.72±3.51) of the post-test score using Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS), which was previously conducted in our country, were used, and the effect size (d) was calculated as 0.58.26 Based on the t test in independent groups, the sample size was calculated as 96 at 95% confidence interval and 80% power criteria. Considering that there may be losses from the study, it was decided to include 100 women in the study.
Inclusion criteria
Personal Information Form It consists of questions regarding the sociodemographic characteristics of women and family history of breast cancer. Personal Information Form consists of a total of 10 questions including age, marital status, education level, family history of breast cancer, number of births, breastfeeding status, duration of breastfeeding, and knowledge and practice of breast examination.
Comprehensive Breast Cancer Knowledge Test (BCKT) Comprehensive Breast Cancer Knowledge Test was developed by Stager (1993) in 1993.27 The validity and reliability study of the scale in Turkish was conducted by Başak (2015)28. There are a total of 20 information questions in the scale. The scale is answered as True-False. There are 8 correct and 12 incorrect statements in the questions. There are two dimensions in BCKT: general information and treatability. Questions 1-12 include general information about breast cancer, questions 13-20 include information about the treatability of breast cancer. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale is 0.71.28 In this study, the Cronbach alpha coefficient of BCKT is 0.78.
Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) The Health Belief Model, developed by Champion in 1984, consists of six dimensions and 43 items covering six concepts.
Wearable Breast Examination Simulator The Wearable Breast Model (Product code: L50) was used during BSE training so that women could wear it from the front and try to detect masses in the breast model as if it were their own tissue. The model has the features of a visible left nipple depression anomaly and a cellulite image in the left breast tissue, 2 benign tumors that can be felt with palpation examination, 4 malignant tumors, and anomalies that can be felt with palpation examination in the left armpit. This model was used because it was thought that performing breast examination on the woman's own breast would violate the woman's privacy and would not last long. It was also thought that repeated palpation applications as if it were her own breast during the training would increase the courage of women to perform regular BSE.
Research Process Procedures Procedures and Surveys Conducted to the Experimental Group
Procedures Performed on the Control Group
Enrollment
Sex
Ages
Volunteers
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Having a breast cancer diagnosis
Primary purpose
Allocation
Interventional model
Masking
95 participants in 2 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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