The Effect of Different Exercise Approaches on Passive Mechanical Properties of Hamstring and Quadriceps Muscles, Strength and Jumping Performance

Bursa Uludag University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Young; Female; Healty; Sedantary Activity

Treatments: Other: Strengthening Exercise; Other: Whole Body Vibration Exercise; Other: Aerobic Exercise

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06808919

2019-19/21

Details and patient eligibility

About

The mechanical characteristics play a crucial role in sustaining daily life activities and facilitating participation in sport activities and exercises demanding a diverse range of motion. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. This study aims to examine the effects of various exercise approaches, including aerobic exercise, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on the passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue.

Full description

Exercise applications are utilized in the maintenance of functional status, enhancement of performance, and prevention of injuries in healthy individuals while also serving therapeutic purposes in pathological conditions. Exercise programs implemented in both healthy individuals and those with disabilities have the potential to offer clinical and functional benefits, leading to physiological changes and mechanical adaptations within the muscle.The enhancement of muscle strength, endurance, and functional performance is observed in accordance with the individuals' physical fitness level and the type of exercise program undertaken. One additional determinant influencing performance is the passive mechanical properties of the muscle. The phrase "passive mechanical properties" denotes the mechanical properties exhibited by skeletal muscles in a state of quiescence, i.e., devoid of voluntary contraction. The passive mechanical properties of muscle encompass properties such as muscle tone, stiffness, thickness, and elasticity. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. When implemented in either isolated or combined programs, exercises focusing on strengthening, stretching, and aerobic activities can have an impact on muscle mechanics.8,9 Within scholarly literature, there exist investigations that suggest a limited impact on the mechanical properties of muscles following exercise, alongside findings that demonstrate consistent exercise does not induce alterations in muscle stiffness.

Within academic discourse, it is established that power, force, and movement speed represent pivotal elements in elucidating superior performance at an advanced level. Physical fitness parameters, as demonstrated determinants of performance, exhibit direct correlation with muscle structure. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of various exercise approaches, including aerobic, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue. Additionally, the study sought to assess how potential alterations in muscle mechanics might manifest in terms of performance outcomes.

Enrollment: 40 patients

Sex: Female

Ages: 18 to 40 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Physically healthy and able to engage in the exercise program without any impediments.
• Voluntary participation

Exclusion criteria

• Prior surgical interventions.
• Neuromuscular or neurodegenerative disorders.
• Heart failure.
• Cardiac stents.
• Pregnancy.
• Participants who do not meet the above criteria, even if their current health status permits participation in exercise activities.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Other

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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40 participants in 4 patient groups

Whole Body Vibration Exercise

Experimental group

Description:

Whole body vibration exercises were conducted utilizing a specialized exercise platform. The participants underwent a prescribed exercise protocol involving both static and dynamic exercises on the designated platform. Specifically, static squats at a 30º angle, dynamic deep squats ranging from 30 to 60º, toe raises, weight transfer maneuvers during squats, as well as static and dynamic squat exercises performed unilaterally were implemented as part of the program. Each exercise was performed for 30-50 s with a frequency ranging from 30-45 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm. The exercise regimen was structured to comprise three sets, with a designated three-minute inter-set rest interval. Physical exercise sessions were conducted on a weekly basis, with a duration ranging from 30 to 45 minutes. The intensity and duration of the exercises were progressively adjusted based on the adherence.

Treatment:

Other: Whole Body Vibration Exercise

Aerobic Exercise

Experimental group

Description:

Aerobic exercise group were directed to engage in running activity on a conventional treadmill. The participants engaged in aerobic exercise, specifically moderate-to-high-intensity running at 65-80% of their maximal heart rate, for durations of 30-45 minutes per session, three times weekly. Heart rate was monitored with a portable pulse oximetry device.

Treatment:

Other: Aerobic Exercise

Strengthening Exercise

Experimental group

Description:

Strengthening exercise group, participants engaged in various lower extremity strengthening activities such as straight leg raises, abduction and adduction movements, knee flexion-extension, ankle plantar-dorsiflexion exercises. These exercises were performed both on a bed and in standing positions, utilizing resistance exercise bands.

Treatment:

Other: Strengthening Exercise

Control Group

No Intervention group

Description:

The participants continued their daily lives without any exercise practice until the end of the study.