The Effect of Macronutrients in the Diet on Digestive and Cardiovascular Health

University of Limerick

Status: Completed

Conditions: Diabetes; Obesity; Cardiovascular Diseases

Treatments: Dietary Supplement: Olive oil and macadamia oil; Dietary Supplement: Deadaptation; Dietary Supplement: Olive oil and fish powder; Dietary Supplement: Olive oil

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT01510223

NutrientGastEmpt

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study examined the effect of a 5-day HFD supplemented with specific fatty acids on gastrointestinal transit, appetite, food intake and substrate utilization. Another novel aspect of this chapter was examining whether a subsequent 5-day period was sufficient to reverse the effects of high-fat feeding on the aforementioned parameters.

Full description

High-fat (HF) diets of as little as three days have been shown to accelerate GI transit. This study aimed to assess if 5-day HF supplemented diet varying in fatty acid composition were sufficient to accelerate GI transit, appetite responses and substrate utilisation and whether a 5-day deadaptation period to a HF diet would reverse the responses induced by adaptation to a HFD.

The study will be conducted in a randomized, single-blinded manner in 24 healthy subjects. Three 5-day interventions will each followed by a test trial. In the first intervention period (CON), normal diet was supplemented with low-fat (LF) milkshakes (272 kcal, 6 g fat). The second and third interventions will involve repeating previous diet along with HF (1082 kcal, 96 g fat) or LF milkshakes respectively. The three high-fat supplement groups that subjects will be randomized to are as follows: (1) olive oil (90 g oil), (2) olive oil + n-3 EPA/DHA fish powder blend or (3) olive oil + macadamia oil blend.

The effect of 5-day HF diet (daily milkshake supplement: 1082 kcal, 96 g fat) on gastric emptying and mouth to caecum transit time of a high-fat test will be measured using the 13C octanoic acid breath test and H2 inulin breath test respectively for six hours postprandially. During this time course, measurements of subjective appetite sensations by visual analogue scale and substrate utilization by indirect calorimetry were also collected. Subsequently, food intake will be measured using an ad libitum buffet meal.

Enrollment: 24 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 35 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy adults aged 18-35 years

Exclusion criteria

• History of gastrointestinal-related conditions or gastrointestinal disturbance within 3 months of study entry
• diabetes mellitus
• cardiovascular disease
• Allergies to foods in study
• Pregnancy

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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24 participants in 3 patient groups

Dietary supplementation macademia oil

Experimental group

Description:

emia oil

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Deadaptation

Dietary Supplement: Olive oil and macadamia oil

Dietary supplementation olive oil

Experimental group

Description:

Olive oil

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Olive oil

Dietary Supplement: Deadaptation

Dietary Supplementation fish oil

Experimental group

Description:

fish oil

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Olive oil and fish powder

Dietary Supplement: Deadaptation