The Effect of Nada Yoga Music and Stress Ball Use on Anxiety and Pain Levels

Inonu University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Intervention Effectiveness

Treatments: Other: Nada Yoga Music; Other: Stress Ball group:; Other: Nada Yoga Music + Stress Ball group

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07276607

2025/73

Details and patient eligibility

About

This parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted between Aprıl 2025 and December 2025 at a Training and Research Hospital in Türkiye among women who applied for Pap smear testing. A total of 128 participants aged 30-56 years were included. Data were collected at three time points using the Personal Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A mixed-model ANOVA was applied to address the effects of time, group, and time × group interactions. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.

Full description

The study population consisted of women who applied for a Pap smear test at X Training and Research Hospital between Aprıl 2025 and December 2025 . The sample size was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 software (Faul et al., 2007). Based on a medium effect size (0.25), a two-way mixed-design ANOVA (repeated measures, within-between interaction), an alpha error of 0.05, an inter-measurement correlation of 0.5, and a statistical power of 95% (1-β = 0.95), the minimum required sample size was determined to be 60 (15 per group). The study was completed with a total of 128 voluntary participants, distributed equally across four groups: Nada Yoga Music (n = 32), Stress Ball (n = 32), Nada Yoga Music + Stress Ball (n = 32), and Control (n = 32). The inclusion criteria included being between 30 and 65 years of age, having no communication barriers, applying for a Pap smear test, and volunteering to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria included having any condition preventing music listening (e.g., hearing loss), having any limitation preventing stress ball use (e.g., hand or finger injuries), or having a diagnosed psychiatric disorder (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder).

Enrollment: 128 patients

Sex: Female

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• The inclusion criteria included being between 30 and 65 years of age, having no communication barriers, applying for a Pap smear test, and volunteering to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

• The exclusion criteria included having any condition preventing music listening (e.g., hearing loss), having any limitation preventing stress ball use (e.g., hand or finger injuries), or having a diagnosed psychiatric disorder (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder).

Trial design

Primary purpose: Supportive Care

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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128 participants in 4 patient groups

Group 1

Experimental group

Description:

Nada Yoga Music

Treatment:

Other: Nada Yoga Music

Group 2

Experimental group

Description:

Stress Ball

Treatment:

Other: Stress Ball group:

Group 3

Experimental group

Description:

Nada Yoga Music + Stress Ball

Treatment:

Other: Nada Yoga Music + Stress Ball group

Group 4

No Intervention group

Description:

standard care group