The Effect of Time on Generalization of Exposure-based Benefit

Ruhr University of Bochum

Status: Completed

Conditions: One Week Follow-up Assessment; Six Weeks Follow-up Assessment; Three Months Follow-up Assessment

Treatments: Behavioral: Exposure

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06255821

Ruhr-University Bochum

Details and patient eligibility

About

Participants will receive a pre-assessment and an exposure with a control spider. This control spider will be presented again at post-training assessments. Participants will then be assigned to one of the follow-up assessments: one week, six weeks or three months. The control spider (spider A) and a novel spider (spider B) will be used again at follow-up BATs to test for generalization of exposure effects.

Full description

Several findings from basic research on extinction learning undermine the role of time effects in the contextualization and retrieval of extinguished memories (Archbold et al., 2013; Quirk, 2002; Wiltgen & Silva, 2007). The latter bears important implications for the evaluation of short- and long-term effects of exposure-based fear reduction and generalization. To date, no study exists examining the role of time on the fear responding to treated stimuli and/or untreated stimuli after successful exposure. It will be investigated whether the differential responding to treated and untreated stimuli after exposure is dependent on the passage of time.

Spider fearful participants will be subjected to a standardized one-session treatment with spiders serving as treatment stimuli. Fear reduction towards treatment stimuli will be assessed at post-treatment. Furthermore, generalization of exposure therapy towards untreated stimuli (i.e., a novel spider) will be assessed. The extent of generalization of exposure-based fear reduction to untreated stimuli will be compared between three groups that will differ with respect to the follow-up length. Here, participants undergoing exposure will be randomly assigned to one of the following follow-up measurements: one week follow-up, six weeks follow-up, and three months follow-up. The extent of exposure induced fear reduction and generalization will be assessed and compared between these groups.

Enrollment: 59 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 40 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Presence of fear of spiders (Potential diagnosis of arachnophobia)

Exclusion criteria

• Reaching level 10 or higher in the initial (Pre-Exposure) Spider BAT
• Any acute or chronic mental and / or somatic disease
• Psychological, psychiatric, neurological or pharmacological treatment
• Drug or alcohol abuse
• Pregnancy

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

---

59 participants in 3 patient groups

One week follow-up assessment

Experimental group

Description:

Participants will receive a pre-assessment and an exposure with a control spider (spider A). This control spider will be presented again at post-training assessments. Participants will then be assigned to the follow-up assessment one week after the exposure session, in which spider A and a novel spider (spider B) will be used to test for generalization of exposure effects.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Exposure

Six weeks follow-up assessment

Experimental group

Description:

Participants will receive a pre-assessment and an exposure with a control spider (spider A). This control spider will be presented again at post-training assessments. Participants will then be assigned to the follow-up assessment six weeks after the exposure session, in which spider A and a novel spider (spider B) will be used to test for generalization of exposure effects.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Exposure

Three months follow-up assessment

Experimental group

Description:

Participants will receive a pre-assessment and an exposure with a control spider (spider A). This control spider will be presented again at post-training assessments. Participants will then be assigned to the follow-up assessment three months after the exposure session, in which spider A and a novel spider (spider B) will be used to test for generalization of exposure effects.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Exposure