The Effect of USM-IAM-based Counselling

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Status: Completed

Conditions: Diabetes Type 2 on Insulin

Treatments: Other: The Effectiveness of USM-Insulin Adherence Module (U-IAM) for Type 2 Diabetes in Improving Insulin Adherence, Glycemic Control and Inflammation

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT05125185

304/PPSP/6315140

Details and patient eligibility

About

According to the most current local data, the rate of patient's adherence to insulin injections is very low. A recent cross sectional study in Klinik Pakar Perubatan (KPP) Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) among 355 patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with insulin showed only 19% of patients adhered to their insulin regime with the mean fasting plasma glucose of 10mmol/L and mean HbA1C of 10.0%. This condition may lead to undesirable health consequences.

Patients education has been showed to improved adherence. Among the 355 participants involved in the study, 82% of the patients have received consultation by diabetic educators yet their glycemic control were suboptimal. A new approaches using a module-based counseling that emphasized on adherence has been developed and the effectiveness of the counseling need to be evaluated.

Full description

General objective: To determine the effect of USM-insulin adherence module (U-IAM)-based counseling on the insulin adherence, glycemic control and inflammatory markers in poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.

Specific objective:

1. To determine within group changes and between group differences of insulin adherence score (using IAQDM) between patients in intervention and control group at baseline, 3rd month and 6th month
2. To determine within group changes and between group differences of FBS and HbA1c between patients in intervention and control group at baseline, 3rd month and 6th month.
3. To determine within group changes and between group differences of HsCRP and VCAM-1 between patients in intervention and control group at baseline, 3rd month and 6th month.
4. To identify factors associated with nonadherence (before starting of intervention) among patients on insulin such as sociodemographic, SMBG and treatment factors.

Enrollment: 180 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 65 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• age between 18 to 65 years
• have been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Patients treated with insulin injections for at least 1 year on either basal insulin, basal plus prandial or basal bolus insulin
• HbA1c between 8 % and 15%

Exclusion criteria

• do not understand Malay language or illiterate
• have severe diabetes complications such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure
• recurrent hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia unawareness
• body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40kg/m2

Trial design

Primary purpose: Other

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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180 participants in 2 patient groups

Standard Counseling

Active Comparator group

Description:

Trained diabetic educators educate patients using flip charts produced based on Malaysian Diabetes educators' manuals, insulin pen models and handouts. All patients were given SMBG diaries and encouraged to titrate their insulin dose based on SMBG

Treatment:

Other: The Effectiveness of USM-Insulin Adherence Module (U-IAM) for Type 2 Diabetes in Improving Insulin Adherence, Glycemic Control and Inflammation

USM-IAM- based counseling

Experimental group

Description:

Trained diabetes educators counselled patients using the USM Insulin adherence module. Each patient was given the module so that they could freely refer to it when necessary. The module contains all information from standard counseling, with additional info on the definition of insulin non-adherence, causes of non-adherence, measures to overcome non-adherence and fasting safely with insulin. All patients were given SMBG diaries and encouraged to titrate their insulin dose based on SMBG

Treatment:

Other: The Effectiveness of USM-Insulin Adherence Module (U-IAM) for Type 2 Diabetes in Improving Insulin Adherence, Glycemic Control and Inflammation