The Effects of Snack Size and Variety on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Eating Behavior in Healthy Adults.

Purdue University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Snacking

Treatments: Behavioral: Packout

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03940105

1807020783

Details and patient eligibility

About

The investigators propose a randomized snack study in normal to obese adults that will test whether snack size, choice, or variety has an influence on daily snack intake.

Aim 1: To validate the in-house packout methodology with 3-day dietary recalls. Aim 2: To examine whether snack variety or snack package size will influence free-living snacking behavior.

Aim 3: To identify whether a correlation exists between mindful eating and free-living snacking behavior.

Full description

Participants will complete 4 different snack patterns. Each pattern will include 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (i.e., Monday/Wednesday/Friday; Tuesday/Thursday/Monday, etc.). The snack patterns will be performed at home/work.

The first pattern will simply be a measurement of typical snack habits. For each of the 3 days, the participant will enter all foods and beverages consumed using the online program, Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA-24).

For the other 3 patterns, different snack packouts will be provided to the participant for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays/pattern. The only difference between the packouts is the type of foods provided. The packouts contain commercially available foods commonly eaten by people who snack. Following lunch, the participant will be permitted to eat as much or as little as he/she chooses from the packout until going to bed. Beverages will not be provided and the participant could drink whatever he/she typically consumes.

For all patterns, the participant will be provided with a standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner to consume at home/work for each of the 3 days/pattern.

Enrollment: 31 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 55 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. age range 18-55 y
2. normal weight to overweight/obese (BMI: 18-32 kg/m2)
3. healthy, non-diabetic
4. not currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
5. non-smoking (for the past 6 months)
6. not been clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
7. habitually eat afternoon/evening snacks at least 4 days/week

Exclusion criteria

1. Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
2. Metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism or appetite
3. Currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
4. Gained/lost >10 lb. over the past 6 months
5. Taking medication that would directly influence appetite (weight-loss drugs or antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage has been stable for at least 3 months)
6. Not willing or able to complete all study testing procedures

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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31 participants in 4 patient groups

Control

No Intervention group

Description:

For 3 days during the control snack pattern, the participants will be asked to complete dietary recalls concerning their afternoon and evening snacking behavior. The participants will use the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) system which was developed by the National Cancer Institute.

Standard Packout

Active Comparator group

Description:

This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Packout

Large Package Packout

Active Comparator group

Description:

This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. It differs from the Standard Packout in that the package sizes of all the foods are larger (though food amount remains the same).

Treatment:

Behavioral: Packout

Variety Packout

Active Comparator group

Description:

This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. It differs from the Standard Packout in that there is about twice as much snack variety (though food amount remains the same).

Treatment:

Behavioral: Packout