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This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of different non-pharmacological interventions (kangaroo care, holding on mother's lap, white noise listening, ambient sound listening) on newborns' crying times, voice decibels and pain levels during heel-stick procedure
Full description
The study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial including pre and post tests of four groups. The population of the study consisted of newborns who were followed in the Neonatal Service of Eskişehir City Hospital. The number of newborns to be sampled was determined by power analysis. With a 95% confidence interval, 0.25 effect size and 0.85 strength, 34 newborns are planned to be included in each group. Newborns who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to the groups.
In the randomization process; in the four-group design, the rooms were randomly assigned to the study groups by drawing lots in order to eliminate the probability of influence of newborns from each other. Internal blinding was used as a blinding method in order to ensure complete randomization and to prevent Rosental effect. The randomization was performed by the responsible nurse of the unit who was unaware of the pre-test and post-tests of the application.
Research hypotheses:
H1. Newborns receiving kangaroo care during the heel-stick procedure have lower pain levels than newborns who are holding on their mother's lap.
H2. Newborns receiving kangaroo care during the heel-stick procedure have less crying time than newborns who are holding on their mother's lap.
H3. The highest level of sound decibels in the crying process of newborns who receiving kangaroo care during the heel-stick procedure are less than newborns who are holding on their mother's lap.
H4. Newborns listened to white noise during the heel-stick procedure have lower pain levels than newborns who listened to ambient sound.
H5. Newborns listened to white noise during the heel-stick procedure have less crying time than newborns who listened to ambient sound.
H6. The highest level of sound decibels in the crying process of newborns who listened to white noise during the heel-stick procedure are less than newborns listened to ambient sound.
In the study, NIPS (Neonatal Infant Pain Scale) will be used to evaluate the pain severity of newborns in addition to the data form prepared by the researchers.
During the application, pulse oximetry device will be placed on each newborn right wrist, then heart rate and SpO2 values will be recorded before, during and after the procedure. The device will remain attached to the baby's wrist during the procedure. Then, the pain level will be assessed with NIPS and heel-stick procedure will be initiated. To determine the crying time, the stopwatch shall be turned on and the sound decibel meter shall be turned on to determine the sound decibel. The general pain level of the newborns will be evaluated by one minute before the procedure and their response to the pain for three minutes during and after the procedure.
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136 participants in 4 patient groups
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Central trial contact
Pınar Duru, Ph.D
Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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