The Impact of Snacks Which Vary Nutritionally in Their Satiating Potential on Measures of Appetite Control

University of Leeds

Status: Completed

Conditions: Hyperphagia; Lack of Satiety

Treatments: Other: Cheese Savouries; Other: Almonds

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02480582

LDS-2015-ABC

RG.PSYC.102933 (Other Grant/Funding Number)

Details and patient eligibility

About

The current study will examine the effect of almond consumption (0.9g/kg dose) compared to an energy and weight matched comparator food or no food on measures of appetite control including appetite sensations, energy intake and food hedonics.

Full description

Some individuals exhibit a weak satiety response to food and may be susceptible to overconsumption. Snack foods can be substantial contributors to daily energy intake, with different types of snacks exerting potentially different effects on satiety per calorie consumed. The current study will compare the effect of consuming different snack foods on measures of appetite control including appetite sensations, energy intake and food hedonics in women with a weak satiety response.

In a crossover design, female participants will consume three different mid-morning snacks: raw almonds, savoury crackers or water. Appetite sensations, energy intake, food reward and craving will be assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Satiety responsiveness will be determined using the satiety quotient (SQ).

Enrollment: 42 patients

Sex: Female

Ages: 18 to 55 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Participants who have provided written informed consent.
• Healthy female participants aged 18-55 years.
• BMI of 18.5 - 30.0 kg/m2.
• Regular breakfast eaters.
• Not currently dieting to lose, gain or maintain weight.
• Non-smokers.
• Liking/acceptance of the study foods (≥4 on 7-point Likert scale).

Exclusion criteria

• Taking medication known to affect appetite within past month and/or during the study.
• Any known food allergies or food intolerances.
• Participants who do not regularly eat breakfast.
• Participants with low liking or acceptance of the study foods.
• Participants currently dieting to lose, gain or maintain weight.
• Reported history of or present eating disorder.
• BMI <18.5 kg/m2 or >30 kg/m2.
• Vegetarians.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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42 participants in 6 patient groups

Almond, then No Food, then Cheese Savouries

Experimental group

Description:

Participants first received a mid-morning snack of almonds (0.9g/kg). After a washout period of 5 days, they then received no food. Finally, after another washout period participants received a mid-morning snack of cheese savouries (0.9g/kg).

Treatment:

Other: Cheese Savouries

Other: Almonds

Cheese Savouries then Almond, then No Food

Experimental group

Description:

Participants first received a mid-morning snack of cheese savouries (0.9g/kg). After a washout period of 5 days, they then received a mid-morning snack of almonds (0.9g/kg). Finally, after another washout period participants received no food.

Treatment:

Other: Cheese Savouries

Other: Almonds

No Food, then Cheese Savouries, then Almond

Experimental group

Description:

Participants first received no food. After a washout period of 5 days, they then received a mid-morning snack of cheese savouries (0.9g/kg). Finally, after another washout period participants received a mid-morning snack of almonds (0.9g/kg).

Treatment:

Other: Cheese Savouries

Other: Almonds

Cheese Savouries, then No Food, then Almond

Experimental group

Description:

Participants first received a mid-morning snack of cheese savouries (0.9g\\kg). After a washout period of 5 days, they then received no food. Finally, after another washout period participants received a mid-morning snack of almonds (0.9g\\kg).

Treatment:

Other: Cheese Savouries

Other: Almonds

Almond, then Cheese Savouries, then No Food

Experimental group

Description:

Participants first received a mid-morning snack of almonds (0.9g\\kg). After a washout period of 5 days, they then received a mid-morning snack of cheese savouries (0.9g\\kg). Finally, after another washout period participants received no food.

Treatment:

Other: Cheese Savouries

Other: Almonds

No Food, then Almond, then Cheese Savouries

Experimental group

Description:

Participants first received no food. After a washout period of 5 days, they then received a mid-morning snack of almonds (0.9g/kg). Finally, after another washout period participants received a mid-morning snack of cheese savouries (0.9g\\kg).

Treatment:

Other: Cheese Savouries

Other: Almonds