The MANTRA Trial (MANdibular TRauma and Antibiotic Use)

East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

Status and phase: Enrolling; Phase 3

Conditions: Post-operative Antibiotics; Mandible Fracture

Treatments: Drug: Different post-operative antibiotic regimens following surgical treatment of mandible fractures

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT05964140

DEV008

Details and patient eligibility

About

1. FULL TITLE OF THE PROJECT Should we use post-operative antibiotics following surgery for patients with mandible fractures? The MANTRA trial (MANdibular TRauma and Antibiotic use)
2. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH (ABSTRACT) Research Question: Are post-operative antibiotics required following surgery for patients with mandible fractures? Background: Mandible fractures are the commonest facial fractures needing surgery and account for a significant percentage of the acute workload in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) units. The UK records over 6000 new cases per year. Patients having surgery for mandible fractures have a theoretical risk of developing surgical site infection, due to the proximity of the fracture lines to the oral cavity microbes and the presence of foreign body (titanium fixation miniplates). For this reason, clinicians often prescribe antibiotics after surgery, to reduce the risk of infection. Previous systematic reviews and a multicentre cohort study performed by this team, revealed significant clinical variation in post-operative antibiotic prescription amongst UK OMFS clinicians and the presence of clinical equipoise. Antibiotic overuse can lead to antibiotic resistance and other antibiotic-related side effects; judicious antibiotic use and stewardship is of paramount importance.

Aim: To determine whether post-operative antibiotics are required at all, following surgery for mandible fractures, and, if so, what is the most clinically- and cost-effective regimen

Objectives:

Primary Objective To conduct a Randomized Controlled Trial (MANTRA) in order to establish the non-inferiority (or not) of not giving post-operative antibiotics versus 2 other post-operative antibiotic regimens. An internal pilot phase will optimise recruitment and retention.

Secondary Objectives

• Measure the cost-effectiveness of the proposed antibiotic pathways
• Assess patient and clinician acceptability to change clinical practice
• Process evaluation to inform dissemination and implementation Methods: The investigators designed and propose the MANTRA RCT to compare 3 post-operative antibiotic approaches to prevent Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) following surgery for mandible fractures. The MANTRA trial is a large open label, multicentre study in NHS OMFS units. The 3 study arms represent the most common clinical pathways in the UK based on previous work; the control group is the approach prescribed by most UK OMFS clinicians. All patients will receive 1 dose of IV antibiotics (co-amoxiclav 1.2g, if no penicillin allergy, which is the most commonly used prophylactic antibiotic currently) on induction of anaesthesia, prior to their surgery.

The participants will be randomised to the following (1:1:1):

Group A: No further antibiotics Group B: 2 further postoperative IV doses of co-amoxiclav 1.2g Group C: 2 further postoperative IV doses (as above), followed by a 5-day course of oral co-amoxiclav 625mg every 8 hours if no penicillin allergy (Control).

Trial processes will be optimised by an internal pilot phase ensuring we recruit, randomise, and retain participants with clear progression criteria. We will also conduct cost-effectiveness analyses and process evaluation for dissemination and implementation

Timeline:

Start of grant: 1st July 2023 Start of RCT / pilot: 1st January 2024 End of pilot: 30th June 2024 End of recruitment: 31st December 2026 End of follow-up: 30th June 2027 Completion: 31st December 2027

Impact and dissemination:

• Practice changing outputs that standardise the use of antibiotics in mandible fractures in the NHS and provide a framework for other surgical prophylaxis research
• A bespoke clinical dissemination plan via an engagement and training legacy
• Cost-effectiveness data to inform policy making
• A research legacy and change of culture in the specialty of OMFS

Enrollment: 2,841 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

All adult patients aged 18 years or over with mandible fractures requiring surgery. Most of these patients will be identified from the A&E department via the on-call OMFS team or seen in dedicated OMFS trauma clinics. A small proportion of our study population will be seen in an OMFS clinic following referral from GP/GDP.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ability to provide written informed consent
• Age≥18 years
• Hospital episode of mandible fracture(s)
• Planned treatment is surgery - (ORIF with titanium miniplates)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Isolated mandibular condylar fractures
• Existing fracture site infection
• Immunocompromised (transplant patients, haematological malignancies, HIV/AIDS) - a clear definition will be provided in the protocol
• Pathological fracture (e.g., malignancy, osteoradionecrosis, cysts, Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws [MRONJ])
• Fractures open to skin
• Inability to provide written informed consent
• Other injuries or infections mandating ongoing post-operative antibiotics (e.g., panfacial fractures with mandible fracture component)
• Patients allergic to first and second-line antibiotic prophylaxis (as outlined above)

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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2,841 participants in 3 patient groups

Group A

Experimental group

Description:

Group A: One induction IV dose

Treatment:

Drug: Different post-operative antibiotic regimens following surgical treatment of mandible fractures

Group B

Experimental group

Description:

Group B: One induction IV dose and 2 further postoperative IV doses

Treatment:

Drug: Different post-operative antibiotic regimens following surgical treatment of mandible fractures

Group C

Active Comparator group

Description:

Group C: One IV dose of antibiotics on induction and 2 further postoperative IV doses (as above), followed by a 5-day course of oral co-amoxiclav 625mg every 8 hours if no penicillin allergy

Treatment:

Drug: Different post-operative antibiotic regimens following surgical treatment of mandible fractures