The Role of Smoking in Periodontal Status (TRSPS)

Tuğba ŞAHİN

Status: Completed

Conditions: Periodontal Diseases

Treatments: Other: Intervention

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07295756

BAIBU-DH-TS-05

Details and patient eligibility

About

484 patients were asked whether they currently smoked and whether they had smoked 100 or more cigarettes during their lifetime. Based on this information, they were divided into two groups: current smokers (test group, n=242) and non-smokers (control group, n=242). Current smokers were defined as individuals who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime and continued smoking. In contrast, non-smokers included individuals who had smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were not currently smoking. Participants were also asked about the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the duration of smoking in years, and pack-years were calculated accordingly. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and attachment loss were evaluated for both groups. Periodontal health status (Periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis) was assessed by one clinician applying the 2017 World Workshop on Classifying Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions and the 2023 European Federation of Periodontology's Guidelines. Patients with periodontitis were classified according to stage and grade. This measurement was obtained via a calibrated UNC-15 periodontal probe at each tooth.

Full description

484 patients were asked whether they currently smoked and had smoked 100 or more cigarettes during their lifetime. Based on this information, they were divided into two groups: current smokers (test group, n=242) and non-smokers (control group, n=242). Current smokers were defined as individuals who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime and continued smoking. In contrast, non-smokers included individuals who had smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were not currently smoking. Participants were also asked about the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the duration of smoking in years, and pack-years were calculated accordingly. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and attachment loss were evaluated for both groups. Periodontal health status (Periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis) was assessed by one clinician applying the 2017 World Workshop on Classifying Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions and the 2023 European Federation of Periodontology's Guidelines. Patients with periodontitis were classified according to stage and grade. This measurement was obtained via a calibrated UNC-15 periodontal probe at each tooth.

Enrollment: 484 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 65 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18 years or older
• No systemic diseases that could affect periodontal or general health
• No history of periodontal treatment within the past six months
• For the non-smoker group: abstinence from smoking for at least five years

Exclusion criteria

• Use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs
• Pregnant or lactating women
• Diabetes mellitus
• Use of waterpipe or chewing tobacco (for the smoker group)
• Individuals undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy

Trial design

484 participants in 2 patient groups

Smoker

Description:

Current smokers were defined as individuals who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime and continued smoking.

Treatment:

Other: Intervention

Non-smoker

Description:

Non-smokers included individuals who had smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were not currently smoking.

Treatment:

Other: Intervention