The Skin Savvy Study: A Behavioral Skin Cancer Prevention Intervention

Temple University Health System (TUHS)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Skin Cancer Prevention

Treatments: Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; Behavioral: Education; Device: UV-Detect Photos

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT00709306

K07CA108685 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of the proposed project is to investigate the efficacy and longevity of two novel approaches to changing skin protection behaviors: 1) UV-detect photos that reveal currently existing skin damage and 2) motivational interviewing (MI), a person-centered, yet directive counseling style used to enhance internal motivation to change health behaviors. The proposed investigations include a pilot study to refine the methodology; a small formal randomized controlled efficacy trial; and a dismantling study. These studies will also expand current knowledge and research in several major ways: 1) the use of UV-detect photos will enable highly salient and personalized feedback, 2) MI will be used in a previously untried health domain (skin cancer prevention), 3) objective skin color changes will be measured using state-of-the-art skin reflectance spectrophotometry, and 4) the proposed studies will test aspects of several major psychological theories (e.g., Transtheoretical Model, Prototype/Willingness Model) to identify moderators/mediators of outcome.

Full description

Teens and young adults are at high risk for overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a leading factor in the development of skin cancer. The majority of these individuals continue to protect themselves minimally and tan intentionally, including significant increases in tanning booth use recently. Such care-free behaviors exist despite widespread education/awareness about UV radiation and skin cancer. The purpose of the proposed project is to investigate the efficacy and longevity of two novel approaches to changing skin protection behaviors: 1) UV-detect photos that reveal currently existing skin damage and 2) motivational interviewing (MI), a person-centered, yet directive counseling style used to enhance internal motivation to change health behaviors. The proposed investigations include a pilot study to refine the methodology; a small formal randomized controlled efficacy trial; and a dismantling study. These studies will also expand current knowledge and research in several major ways: 1) the use of UV-detect photos will enable highly salient and personalized feedback, 2) MI will be used in a previously untried health domain (skin cancer prevention), 3) objective skin color changes will be measured using state-of-the-art skin reflectance spectrophotometry, and 4) the proposed studies will test aspects of several major psychological theories (e.g., Transtheoretical Model, Prototype/Willingness Model) to identify moderators/mediators of outcome. Therefore, the studies should provide useful information about process and outcome for skin cancer prevention researchers and clinicians.

Enrollment: 197 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 24 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• 18 or older

Exclusion criteria

• Visual impairment

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Factorial Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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197 participants in 4 patient groups, including a placebo group

Education

Placebo Comparator group

Description:

Participants were given a packet of standard skin cancer prevention educational brochures and handouts from major professional organizations to review independently for 10-15 minutes.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Education

Motivational Interviewing

Active Comparator group

Description:

Participants met with a trained counselor who reviewed any personalized feedback of risk derived from the baseline assessments (e.g., history of sunburns, self-reported UV exposure, protective behaviors). Counselors utilized the basic motivational interviewing skills of open-ended questions, reflection of participant statements, affirmations/positive feedback, and summation of major points throughout the discussion. These sessions took about 22 minutes.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing

UV-detect photos

Active Comparator group

Description:

Participants were shown a regular black and white photo and a black and white UV-filtered photo of their face. Participants were told that "Any dark, spotted, freckled, wrinkled, uneven, or pitted areas indicate existing underlying skin damage that is difficult to reverse. However, protecting the skin from UV radiation can prevent future damage." Participants were asked what they noticed about the photos, what their reactions were, and how this might affect their behavior. These sessions took 12 minutes on average.

Treatment:

Device: UV-Detect Photos

UV-detect photos & MI

Experimental group

Description:

Participants met with a trained counselor who reviewed any personalized feedback of risk derived from the baseline assessments (e.g., history of sunburns, self-reported UV exposure, protective behaviors). Counselors utilized the basic motivational interviewing skills of open-ended questions, reflection of participant statements, affirmations/positive feedback, and summation of major points throughout the discussion. In addition to baseline feedback, participants were also interviewed about the black \& white and UV-filtered photos of their faces. These sessions took about 25 minutes.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing

Device: UV-Detect Photos