Thiazide Diuretics for Hypertension in Kidney Transplant Recipients Using Tacrolimus (TT)

Erasmus University

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 3

Conditions: Hypertension; Kidney Transplantation

Treatments: Drug: Amlodipine; Drug: Chlorthalidone

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02644395

MEC-2012-417

Details and patient eligibility

About

Background: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the most commonly used immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection after kidney transplantation. However, the efficacy of preventing rejection comes at the cost of important side-effects. Among the most common side-effects is hypertension. Hypertension after kidney transplantation is clinically relevant, because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased graft loss and recipient mortality. The mechanism of CNI-induced hypertension is incompletely understood and, therefore, the treatment is currently empiric. These and other investigators recently showed that CNIs cause salt-sensitive hypertension by activating a sodium transporter in the kidney, namely the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter.

Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that thiazide diuretics are non-inferior to calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (currently usually the treatment of choice) for the treatment of CNI-induced hypertension.

Objective: To compare the blood pressure response to thiazide diuretics and CCBs in patients with CNI-induced hypertension.

Study design: Single-center, randomized cross-over trial.

Study population: Kidney transplant recipients with a good functioning allograft (eGFR > 30 ml/min) who are hypertensive (daytime systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg) and who do not have proteinuria (< 1 g/day).

Intervention: Patients will be randomized to receive chlorthalidone (12.5 mg once daily, if needed titrated to 25 mg once daily) or amlodipine (5 mg once daily, if needed titrated to 10 mg once daily).

Main study parameters/endpoints: 24-hour blood pressure recording.

Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: Both drugs have long been registered for the treatment of hypertension. The side-effect profile of both drugs is considered to be equal. The burden of the study for the patients are blood pressure measurements using 30-minute automated blood pressure measurement and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement.

Enrollment: 49 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Kidney transplant recipients using tacrolimus
• Average daytime SBP > 140 mm Hg (ABPM)
• eGFR > 30 ml/min (MDRD)

Exclusion criteria

• Use of glucocorticoids, co-trimoxazole, diuretics
• Pregnancy
• Serum sodium < 136, serum potassium < 3.5
• Proteinuria > 1 g/day

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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49 participants in 2 patient groups

Amlodipine

Active Comparator group

Description:

Current treatment of choice

Treatment:

Drug: Amlodipine

Chlorthalidone

Experimental group

Description:

Testing new indication for approved drug

Treatment:

Drug: Chlorthalidone