Treat-to-Target Serum Urate Versus Treat-to-Avoid Symptoms in Gout (TRUST)

Mass General Brigham

Status and phase: Enrolling; Phase 4

Conditions: Gout

Treatments: Drug: Naproxen 500 Mg; Drug: Allopurinol; Drug: Colchicine 0.6 mg; Drug: Prednisone 40 mg; Drug: Colchicine 1.2 mg; Drug: Naproxen 250 MG

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT04875702

2021P000517

1U01AR080985-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Details and patient eligibility

About

The TRUST study is a randomized, controlled multicenter study to evaluate the management of gout by comparing two commonly used treatment strategies for gout (TTT vs TTASx) to determine the most beneficial for a patient-centered gout outcomes, as well as relevant cardiovascular-metabolic-renal endpoints.

Full description

This trial aims to answer a fundamental question in the management of gout by comparing two commonly used treatment strategies for gout (TTT vs TTASx) to determine which is most beneficial for a range of patient-centered gout outcomes, as well as relevant CV-metabolic-renal endpoints.

Designing a scientifically valid and pragmatic clinical trial involves numerous tradeoffs in study design, subject eligibility criteria, and outcome measurement. We have come together as primary care physicians and rheumatologists to consider several alternative designs. We first considered the target study population. Since most rheumatologists believe that the TTT approach is superior, it would be difficult to recruit from rheumatology practices. Thus, we aimed to design a trial that would be feasible to conduct in primary care practices, with an intervention that could primarily be run by nurses and physician assistants. This design would be pragmatic and generalizable to primary care practices outside of the setting of a randomized controlled trial. The trial also needs to incorporate the perspectives of rheumatologists, primary care clinicians, allied specialists, and patients when deciding the key issues to be addressed and how best to answer these questions.76 We convened a modified Delphi Panel (mDP) to solicit input using a formal process of voting and discussion. The Delphi Panel is a commonly used approach in health care for areas where there is less than perfect data to make decisions. It also has been used in the social sciences as a method for formalizing input from multiple parties, using voting and discussion.77,78 We selected a broadly representative group of mDP panelists from four categories of constituents who could inform the trial design: patients, nurses, primary care physicians, and rheumatologists. Two voting rounds were held, including a video conference meeting to discuss all the voting questions and re-vote on items where no consensus had been reached on the first round.

Enrollment: 650 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 90 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

To be eligible to be enrolled in the study, each patient must:

1. Provide signed written or electronic informed consent.
2. Be between 18 and 90 years old.
3. Be in a participating primary care practice with at least one visit in the previous 36 months.
4. Be diagnosed with gout by the 2015 ACR/EULAR criteria, with 8 or more points on the 2015 ACR/EULAR criteria scoring algorithm.
5. Have experienced at least one gout flare attributed in the previous 12 months.
6. Have a baseline inter-critical serum urate (SU) ≥ 6.0 mg/dL (at screening or in the 30 days before screening)
7. Be able to swallow pills.
8. Agree to practice effective measures of birth control if of reproductive potential.

Exclusion Criteria

Candidates who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:

1. Diagnosis of CKD Stage 3B or worse (eGFR < 45 mL/min/ 1.73 m2) at screening
2. More than one subcutaneous tophus on clinical examination at screening
3. Two or more episodes of renal colic in the past 5 years
4. Unable to provide informed consent.
5. AST/ALT > 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 6 months of entry).
6. Pregnancy, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
7. Patients who have been treated with thiopurines (mercaptopurine (PURINETHOL®), azathioprine (IMURAN®), or thioguanine) in the past 12 months or currently being treated with thiopurines are not eligible for the study. Usage of the thiopurines (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) with allopurinol has been shown to cause a significant drug-drug interaction.
8. Unlikely to survive 2 years because of comorbidities.
9. Currently taking > 200 mg of allopurinol per day or any dose of febuxostat. Patients taking 200 mg or less of allopurinol daily may participate, provided they meet the eligibility criteria for flares and current SU, and they have not had a dose escalation in their allopurinol in the previous 6 months.
10. Patients with known allergic or hypersensitive reactions to allopurinol and not willing to initiate febuxostat if urate lowering is indicated.
11. Subjects that test positive for HLA-B*5801 allele, a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol and are unwilling to initiate febuxostat if urate lowering is indicated by the study. Subjects of higher risk, including Black/African American, Asian (except Japanese), native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander descent will be tested at screening.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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650 participants in 2 patient groups

TTT-SU

Active Comparator group

Description:

The participants randomized to the Treat-to-Target-Serum Urate (TTT-SU) group will be counseled about gout, generalized lifestyle and dietary issues and will be provided with a three-month supply of allopurinol as well as a treatment to prophylax against attacks that might occur during the up-titration of urate lowering therapy. Allopurinol dose increases will occur until SU concentrations achieve a target level \< 6.0 mg/dL.

Treatment:

Drug: Naproxen 250 MG

Drug: Colchicine 0.6 mg

Drug: Allopurinol

TTASx

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects randomized to the treat-to-avoid-symptoms (TTASx) group will receive the same education as the TTT-SU group. In addition, they will receive anti-inflammatory treatments (naproxen, colchicine, and/or prednisone); enough to treat up to six flares over the ensuing three months.

Treatment:

Drug: Naproxen 250 MG

Drug: Prednisone 40 mg

Drug: Colchicine 1.2 mg

Drug: Allopurinol

Drug: Naproxen 500 Mg