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About
Liver is the most common site of metastases from colorectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with targeted agents is usually recommended for borderline-resectable liver metastases that are technically difficult to resect for conversion to resectable disease and control of metastatic spread. However, the prognosis of these patients are still poor, and long term disease-free survival over 3 years is rare and <20%. More effective measures to prevent recurrence are needed before or after resection of colorectal liver metastases.
Full description
Atezolizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that targets Programmed Death-Ligand 1(PD-L1) and inhibits the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors, Programmed cell Death protein 1(PD-1) and B7.1. Therapeutic blockade of PD-L1 binding by atezolizumab has been shown to enhance the magnitude and quality of tumor specific T cell responses, resulting in improved anti tumor activity. Bevacizumab is a recombinant, humanized therapeutic antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). In addition to its well-characterized role in angiogenesis, VEGF is also believed to be involved in cancer immune evasion via the induction of myeloid- derived suppressor cells(MDSCs). These VEGF-induced MDSCs can suppress both T-cell and dendritic-cell function. Bevacizumab can restore and/or maintain the antigen presentation capacity of dendritic cells, leading to enhanced T-cell infiltration in tumors. When used in combination, VEGF targeting agents such as bevacizumab promote the normalization of tumor vasculature and may thereby increase access of therapeutic agents. Atezolizumab with bevacizumab, levoleucovorin, oxaliplatin, and 5-fluorouracil(FOLFOX). A translational study for renal cell carcinoma showed bevacizumab resulted in modulation of tumor immune microenvironment with Th1-related signatures, which was more potentiated by subsequent treatment with atezolizumab. This suggests potentiation of anti-tumor immunity with the combination of bevacizumab and atezolizumab.
Enrollment
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Inclusion and exclusion criteria
<Inclusion Criteria>
Patient-related consideration
Disease-related consideration
Histologically diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma
Liver metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma confirmed through biopsy
Liver metastatic lesions should be considered to be potentially resectable after conversion chemotherapy by multi-disciplinary team and should meet one of the following criteria:
Measurable by RECIST criteria 1.1.
One or more hepatic lesions should be accessible for biopsy
Archival tumor tissue from the metastatic liver lesion obtained at the time of the initial diagnosis must be available.
Adequate major organ functions as following:
International normalised ratio(INR) < 1.5 or Activated partial thromboplastin(aPTT) < 1.5 x ULN within 14 days prior to the start of study treatment for patients not receiving anti-coagulation. For patients receiving anticoagulants, INR and aPTT must be within the medical standard of enrolling institution.
Other considerations
For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraceptive methods with a failure rate of < 1% per year during the treatment period and for 6 months after the last dose of study treatment after the last dose of study treatment
i. A woman is considered to be of childbearing potential if she is postmenarcheal, has not reached a postmenopausal state (≧12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and has not undergone surgical sterilization (removal of ovaries and/or uterus).
ii. Examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of < 1% per year include bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices, and copper intrauterine devices.
For men, they must practice abstinence or condom use, and abstain from sperm donation during the treatment period and for 6 months after their last dose of study treatment during the treatment period and for 6months after the last dose of study treatment.
<Exclusion Criteria>
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
Extrahepatic metastases that are not candidates for treatment of curative aim (e.g. resection, radiation or radiofrequency ablation)
Presence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases
Concurrent or previous history of another primary cancer within 3 years prior to study treatment except for curatively treated cervical cancer in situ, non-melanomatous skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer (pTis or pT1) and curatively treated thyroid cancer of any stage. Concurrent, histologically confirmed, unresected thyroid cancer without distant metastasis could be allowed with the agreement of the principal investigator.
Chronic alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis
Chronic hepatitis B, defined as HBV DNA (> 2,000 IU / mL) and ALT> upper limit of normal range, must be treated with antiviral drugs before enrollment to reach appropriate viral suppression (HBV DNA <2000 IU / mL), and the antiviral drugs must be maintained during the study treatment period and for 6 months after the last dose of study treatment.
Prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease
Uncontrolled medical illness congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction within 6 months including medically uncontrolled infection, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, symptomatic congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction within 6 months
Prior adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy
Prior adjuvant chemotherapy, if administered within 6 months before study entry
Current or recent (within 10 days of start of study treatment) use of aspirin (>325mg/day), clopidogrel (>75mg/day), therapeutic or parenteral anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents for therapeutic purposes (therapeutic anticoagulation on a stable dose for at least 2 weeks prior to the start of study treatment is allowed)
Known alcohol or drug abuse
Active infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the start of study treatment
Inadequately controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure >150mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >100mmHg)
Prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy
History or evidence upon physical or neurological examination of CNS disease (e.g. seizures) unrelated to cancer unless adequately treated with standard medical therapy
Uncontrolled chronic peripheral neuropathy ≥ CTCAE grade 2
Significant vascular disease (e.g. aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent arterial thrombosis) within 6 months of start of study treatment
Any previous venous thromboembolism > CTCAE Grade 3 within 12 months prior to start of study treatment
History of haemoptysis ≥ Grade 2 (defined as ≥ 2.5 mL bright red blood per episode) within 1 month of start of study treatment
History or evidence of inherited bleeding diathesis or significant coagulopathy at risk of bleeding (i.e. in the absence of therapeutic anticoagulation)
Surgical procedure (including open biopsy, surgical resection, wound revision, or any other major surgery involving entry into a body cavity) or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to start of study treatment, or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure (other than hepatic metastasectomy) during the course of the study
History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, intra-abdominal abscess or active GI bleeding within 6 months prior to start of study treatment
Serious, non-healing wound, active ulcer, or untreated bone fracture
Known hypersensitivity to any component of any of the study medication
History of severe allergic, anaphylactic, or other hypersensitivity reactions to chimeric or humanised antibodies or fusion proteins
Known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
Pregnant or breastfeeding, or intending to become pregnant during the study or within 6 months after the last dose of study treatment
Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test result within 14 days prior to initiation of study treatment.
Known hypersensitivity or allergy to Chinese hamster ovary cell products
Active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency, including, but not limited to, myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, Wegener granulomatosis, Sjögren's syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or multiple sclerosis, with the following exceptions:
Patients with a history of autoimmune-related hypothyroidism who are on thyroid replacement hormone are eligible for the study.
Patients with controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus who are on an insulin regimen are eligible for the study.
Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, or vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis are excluded) are eligible for the study provided all of following conditions are met:
Prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or prior solid organ transplantation
History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan (History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted.)
Positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, defined as having a positive HCV antibody test followed by a positive HCV RNA test at screening
Active tuberculosis
Administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to start of study maintenance treatment or anticipation that such a live attenuated vaccine will be required during the study
Prior treatment with Cluster of differentiation(CD)137 agonists, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen(CTLA)4, anti-PD-1, or anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibody or pathway-targeting agents
Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents (including but not limited to interferons or interleukin-2) within 4 weeks or five half-lives of the drug, whichever is longer, prior to start of study maintenance treatment
Treatment with systemic corticosteroids or other systemic immunosuppressive medications (including but not limited to prednisone, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor agents) within 2 weeks prior to start of study maintenance treatment, or requirement for systemic immunosuppressive medications during the trial.
Primary purpose
Allocation
Interventional model
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20 participants in 1 patient group
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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