Treatment of Newly Diagnosed High Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children

The Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology

Status and phase: Unknown; Phase 2

Conditions: Child; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Treatments: Drug: high dose methotrexate; Drug: Intrathecal triple chemotherapy

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: NETWORK

Identifiers

NCT02339350

KSPHO_HRALL

Details and patient eligibility

About

Treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has advanced and the overall survival exceeds 80% nowadays. However the overall survival of high risk ALL remains 75-90%, thus recent studies focus on treatment intensification according to the risk group. According to the previous reports, we designed a multicenter prospective trial for pediatric ALL.

Full description

Purpose of the study

1. For slow early responder (SER), to confirm if the augmented interim maintenance using intravenous high dose methotrexate will improve the treatment outcome.
2. For slow early responder (SER), to confirm if removal of prophylactic radiotherapy will relieve long term complications.
3. To predict the treatment response and prognosis high risk pediatric ALL by monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD).

Inclusion criteria

1. Diagnosis

2. Newly diagnosed B-precursor ALL meeting criteria 1.2

3. Newly diagnosed B-precursor ALL who was previously treated with steroid.

4. Newly diagnosed T cell ALL, excluding early T-cell precursor (ETP) leukemia

1.2 Initial WBC count

1. from 1 years old to 9 years old : WBC ≥ 50,000/μL
2. from 10 years old to 21 years old : Any WBC
3. from 1 years old to 21 years old : Any WBC with Testicular leukemia or CNS leukemia (CNS3)

Exclusion criteria (who are classified as very high risk group) 2.1 Philadelphia chromosome (+) or bcr/abl rearrangement (+) 2.2 Chromosome <45 by cytogenetics 2.3 Induction failure (Day 28 M3 marrow (>25% blasts)) 2.4 t(4:11) (as identified by cytogenetics, FISH or molecular studies) 2.5 Early T-cell precursor leukemia 2.6 Down syndrome ALL

Methods We will classify the patients to rapid early responder (RER) and slow early responder (SER), according to the treatment response after induction remission and risk factors at diagnosis. SER includes M2 (5-25% or leukemic cells at bone marrow exam) or M3 (25% or more of leukemic cells at bone marrow exam) response at the 14th day of the start of induction remission. If a patient showed total WBC count ≥ 100,000/μL, had testis or CNS (CNS 3) involvement at diagnosis and was diagnosed as T-ALL, the patients will also be included into the SER group.

Rapid early responders will undergo interim maintenance two times and reinduction for one time. Slow early responders will undergo two times of interim maintenance treatment with high dose intravenous methotrexate. For SER, adriamycin was previously administered only when absolute neutrophil count and platelet was normal, but it will be administered without restriction in this study. Both groups (RER and SER) will undergo maintenance chemotherapy thereafter, with the treatment duration of 3 years from the 1st interim maintenance for boys and 2 years for girls.

For SER group, prophylactic radiotherapy will not be done and it will be replaced by high dose intravenous methotrexate and intensification of intrathecal chemotherapy by replacing the intrathecal methotrexate to intrathecal cytarabine, methotrexate and hydrocortisone.

Enrollment: 110 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 1 to 21 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Diagnosis

2. Newly diagnosed B-precursor ALL meeting criteria 1.2

3. Newly diagnosed B-precursor ALL who was previously treated with steroid.

4. Newly diagnosed T cell ALL, excluding early T-cell precursor (ETP) leukemia

1.2 Initial WBC count

1. from 1 years old to 9 years old : WBC ≥ 50,000/μL
2. from 10 years old to 21 years old : Any WBC
3. from 1 years old to 21 years old : Any WBC with Testicular leukemia or CNS leukemia (CNS3)

Exclusion criteria

1. Philadelphia chromosome (+) or bcr/abl rearrangement (+)
2. Chromosome <45 by cytogenetics
3. Induction failure (Day 28 M3 marrow (>25% blasts))
4. t(4:11) (as identified by cytogenetics, FISH or molecular studies)
5. Early T-cell precursor leukemia
6. Down syndrome ALL

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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110 participants in 2 patient groups

Rapid early responder group

No Intervention group

Description:

1. RER Consolidation BM exam on day 63: M1, M2 -\> IM M3 or residual CNS ds or Bx proven extramedullary ds - off protocol 2. RER Interim Maintenance #1 3. RER Delayed Intensification 4. RER Interim Maintenance #2 5. RER Maintenance (12 weeks=84 days)

Slow early responder group

Experimental group

Description:

Includes : SER, Testis(+), CNS 3, T-cell (non ETP), Initial PB WBC ≥ 100,000/μL 1. SER Consolidation * Intrathecal triple chemotherapy at d0, 7, 14, 21 2. SER Interim Maintenance #1 * high dose methotrexate included * Intrathecal triple chemotherapy at d0, 28 3. SER Delayed Intensification #1 * Intrathecal triple chemotherapy at d0, 28, 35 4. SER Interim Maintenance #2 * high dose methotrexate included * Intrathecal triple chemotherapy at d0, 28 5. SER Delayed Intensification #2 * Intrathecal triple chemotherapy at d0, 28, 35 6. SER Maintenance * Intrathecal triple chemotherapy at d0

Treatment:

Drug: Intrathecal triple chemotherapy

Drug: high dose methotrexate