Trial of Anakinra (Plus Zinc) or Prednisone in Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis (AlcHepNet)

Indiana University

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 2

Conditions: Alcoholic Hepatitis

Treatments: Drug: Prednisone; Drug: Placebos; Drug: Anakinra and Zinc

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT04072822

AlcHepNet-02

Details and patient eligibility

About

This multicenter, randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial is focused on novel treatments for severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a life-threatening stage of alcoholic liver injury that has a short-term mortality rate much higher than that of other liver diseases.

The primary objective of the study is to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of Anakinra (plus zinc) compared to the current standard medical treatment consisting of prednisone in participants with clinically severe AH. Key secondary objectives broadly are as follows: (a) to evaluate the use of biomarkers to assess disease severity and treatment response; and (b) to develop novel endpoints to overcome the limitations of current assessment strategies for severe AH.

Enrollment: 147 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 21+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. AH, as defined by the NIAAA pan-consortia for AH:

   1. Onset of jaundice (defined as serum total bilirubin >3 mg/dL) within the prior 8 weeks to screening visit
   2. Regular consumption of alcohol with an intake of > 40 gm daily or >280gm weekly on average for women and > 60 gm daily or >420gm weekly on average for men for 6 months or more, with less than 8 weeks of abstinence before onset of jaundice
   3. AST > 50 IU/l
   4. AST:ALT > 1.5 and both values < 400 IU/l
   5. and/or histological evidence of AH*

2. MELD 20-35 on day of randomization.

3. Ages >21

   • In patients with possible AH or AH with confounding factors such as possible ischemic hepatitis, possible DILI, uncertain history of alcohol use (e.g., patient denies excessive alcohol use), and atypical/abnormal laboratory tests (e.g., AST < 50 IU/L or > 400 IU/L, AST/ALT ratio < 1.5), antinuclear antibody > 1:160 or SMA > 1:80, a standard of care liver biopsy may be performed during current hospital admission to confirm AH and exclude competing etiologies

Exclusion Criteria

1. MELD SCORE <20 or > 35

2. Active sepsis (positive blood or ascitic cultures) with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) or hemodynamic compromise requiring intravenous pressors to maintain tissue perfusion

3. Pneumonia as evidenced by radiological exam

4. Multi-organ failure

5. Renal failure defined by GFR <35 mL/min by CKD-EPI.

6. Clinically active C. diff infection

7. History of imaging of the liver (ultrasound, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance) showing other causes of jaundice

8. History of other liver diseases including hepatitis B (positive HBsAg or HBV DNA), hepatitis C (positive HCV RNA), autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson disease, genetic \hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency or strong suspicion of Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI). Previously treated hepatitis C that was cured (sustained virological response with negative RNA ≥24 weeks following treatment) is not an exclusion.

9. History of HIV infection (positive HIV RNA or on treatment for HIV infection)

10. History or presence of cancer (including hepatocellular carcinoma) other than non- melanoma skin cancer

11. History of other significant medical problems such as autoimmune diseases, severe asthma, psoriasis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), etc. that might require immunosuppressive treatments

12. Pregnancy or breastfeeding

13. Prior exposure to experimental therapies in last 3 months

14. Prior exposure to systemic corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) or immunosuppressive therapy for more than 4 days within previous 30 days

15. Need for inotropic pressor support to maintain perfusion to critical organs within prior 48 hours before randomization and initiation of experimental treatment

16. Clinically significant pancreatitis- abdominal pain, elevated lipase (> 3 X ULN) and at least edema of pancreas with fat-stranding on CT scan

17. Total WBC count > 30,000/mm3

18. Known allergy or intolerance to therapeutic agents to be tested

19. Inability to voluntarily obtain informed consent from participant or guardian

20. Perceived inability to follow study procedures and comply with protocol

21. Platelet count < 40,000 k/cumm.

22. Positive PCR test for COVID -19 within 7 days prior to the baseline day 0 visit

23. Active gastrointestinal bleeding defined as hematemesis or melena with a decrease in hemoglobin more than 2 g/dl in 24 hrs. Due to gastrointestinal bleeding, or with a decrease in mean arterial BP to < 65 mmHg.

    • Positive test is exclusionary only during screening period. If a patient tests positive any time after baseline randomization, a positive PCR test for COVID-19 will be considered as a SAE.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Quadruple Blind

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147 participants in 2 patient groups

Prednisone

Active Comparator group

Description:

Standard of care plus prednisone 40 mg orally once daily on Days 1-30 and matching placebos for Anakinra (1 syringe s.c. once daily on Days 1-14), and zinc (matched pill once daily on Days 1-90).

Treatment:

Drug: Placebos

Drug: Prednisone

Anakinra and Zinc

Active Comparator group

Description:

Standard of care plus Anakinra (100 mg s.c.) once daily on Days 1-14 zinc sulfate 220 mg once daily on Days 1-90, and placebo for prednisone (matched pill once daily on Days 1-30).

Treatment:

Drug: Anakinra and Zinc

Drug: Placebos