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The Universal Goniometer (UG) is a well-established tool for measuring joint range of motion (ROM). However, it presents limitations, including dependence on examiner skill, which can introduce error. With advances in digital technology, smartphone-based applications, such as PhysioMaster, now offer an alternative approach that potentially reduces human error and increases measurement precision
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Measuring Wrist ROM Using the electronic Goniometer
The following protocol will be implemented to measure wrist ROM for the enrolled female participants:
Wrist Flexion-Extension Testing Position: Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, with the wrist positioned over the edge of a table and the forearm in full pronation.
Goniometer Axis: Lateral placement over the triquetrum. Stationary Arm: Aligned with the lateral midline of the ulna, directed toward the olecranon process.
Moving Arm: Aligned with the lateral midline of the 5th metacarpal. Wrist Radial-Ulnar Deviation Testing Position: Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, wrist positioned over the edge of a table with the forearm in full pronation.
Goniometer Axis: Positioned over the dorsal capitate. Stationary Arm: Aligned with the dorsal midline of the forearm. Moving Arm: Positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the third metacarpal (Surangsrirat et al., 2022).
Measurement using the smartphone inclinometer-based application For measurements using the smartphone inclinometer application, the smartphone was placed on the participant's wrist, with elbows and upper arms positioned against a wall and flat along their torsos for each movement. This standardized setup ensured consistent smartphone positioning across all ROM measurements .
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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