Walnut Consumption and Diabetes Risk

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus

Treatments: Diagnostic Test: Diabetes Outcome

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03224533

WALNUT6DIABETES

Details and patient eligibility

About

Multiple NHANES surveys were combined and weighted to evaluate relationships between walnut consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus using various independent measures of diabetes status and risk. After risks were ascertained, interactions with gender were analyzed.

Full description

Background. Dietary interventions and cohort studies of tree nuts lowering glucose levels for diabetes suggest a possible effect with walnuts. Objective. To examine the associations between walnut consumption and diabetes risk through data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods. NHANES survey data for 1999 through 2014 was pooled for adults with 24 hour recall dietary data. Risk of diabetes was based on self-report, medication use, fasting plasma glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Individuals were characterized as reporting consumption of walnuts, mixed 'nuts', or no nuts.

Enrollment: 34,121 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 80 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• NHANES data from 1999-2014 with food recalls and dietary food intake

Exclusion criteria

• not having data on either day of the 24-hour food intake
• individuals who consumed peanuts, but not other nuts on the day of recall, were excluded from the analysis

Trial design

34,121 participants in 4 patient groups

No Nuts

Description:

All other foods that did not include walnuts or other nuts were classified as "no nuts" (NN).

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Diabetes Outcome

Other Nuts

Description:

Foods codes describing nuts that are not walnuts (i.e. cashew nuts, pistachios, etc.) or nut-containing foods that do not commonly contain walnuts (e.g. granola) were classified as "other nuts" (ON).

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Diabetes Outcome

Walnuts with other nuts

Description:

food codes describing nut mixes and foods that commonly include walnuts were classified as "walnuts with other nuts" (WwON)

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Diabetes Outcome

Walnuts with high certainty

Description:

Foods consisting entirely or mostly of walnuts were classified as "walnuts with high certainty" (WwHC)

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Diabetes Outcome