Warm-Up Effects on Adolescent Goalkeepers' Performance

Uşak University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Warm-up; Football; Adolescent; Healhty

Treatments: Behavioral: Intervention 3: Dynamic Stretching (DS) Warm-Up; Behavioral: Intervention 2: Static Stretching (SS) Warm-Up; Behavioral: Intervention 4: Movement Preparation (MP) Warm-Up; Behavioral: Intervention 1: Aerobic Running (AR) Warm-Up

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07180667

207-01-08

Uşak University (Other Identifier)

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effects of different warm-up protocols on performance outcomes in adolescent male football goalkeepers. Specifically, it investigates the impact of aerobic running, static stretching, dynamic stretching, and movement preparation on flexibility, explosive power, and dynamic balance.

Full description

This randomized crossover study examined the acute effects of four 15-minute warm-up protocols-Aerobic Running (AR), Static Stretching (SS), Dynamic Stretching (DS), and Movement Preparation (MP)-on flexibility, explosive lower-limb power, and dynamic balance in 15 adolescent male football goalkeepers. Participants were licensed youth goalkeepers with consistent sleep, diet, and training routines. Warm-up order was randomized and both participants and administrators were blinded to the condition. Flexibility, power, and balance were assessed using the sit-and-reach test, standing long jump, and Y Balance Test, respectively, with the best of three trials recorded. Heart rate was monitored to maintain internal load at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum. All sessions were supervised by a certified sports scientist, and anthropometric data were collected prior to testing. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

Enrollment: 15 patients

Sex: Male

Ages: 14 to 15 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Biologically male football goalkeepers
• Aged 14-15 years
• Actively competing in youth leagues
• Minimum training experience of approximately 3-4 years
• Free from chronic diseases or musculoskeletal injuries that could affect physical performance
• Maintain regular sleep and dietary routines during the study period

Exclusion criteria

• Current injuries
• Chronic health conditions
• Any physical limitations that could interfere with safe participation in warm-up protocols or performance testing

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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15 participants in 4 patient groups

Arm 1: Aerobic Running Warm-Up (AR)

Experimental group

Description:

Participants perform a 15-minute aerobic running protocol with heart rate maintained at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum (HRₘₐₓ). Includes 7 minutes of light jogging followed by slight intensity increase.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Intervention 1: Aerobic Running (AR) Warm-Up

Arm 2: Static Stretching Warm-Up (SS)

Experimental group

Description:

Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by static stretches of six lower-limb muscle groups (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, adductors, gluteals). Each muscle stretched twice for 30 seconds. Finishes with 3-4 minutes of light dynamic movements.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Intervention 2: Static Stretching (SS) Warm-Up

Arm 3: Dynamic Stretching Warm-Up (DS)

Experimental group

Description:

Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by dynamic stretches targeting the same six lower-limb muscle groups over 10-15 meters with short rest between repetitions.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Intervention 3: Dynamic Stretching (DS) Warm-Up

Arm 4: Movement Preparation Warm-Up (MP)

Experimental group

Description:

Participants perform a combination of light jogging, multi-joint mobility drills (e.g., lateral shuffles, inchworms), submaximal sprinting (80-90% maximum velocity), and low-intensity balance drills adapted from FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Intervention 4: Movement Preparation (MP) Warm-Up