Wheeled Mobility for Preventing Pressure Ulcers (RCT-WC2)

University of Pittsburgh

Status: Completed

Conditions: Mobility Limitation

Treatments: Device: Lightweight wheelchair; Device: Skin Protection Cushion

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; NIH

Identifiers

NCT01275313

R01HD041490 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

PRO09120362

Details and patient eligibility

About

The proposed clinical trial is aimed at demonstrating the important role wheelchairs play in preventing pressure ulcers (bed sores). Although most pressure ulcers can be prevented, they are common in nursing home settings because their causes are difficult to identify. This clinical trial will guide practitioners toward improving preventive care practices by demonstrating how to effectively apply wheelchair and seat cushion technology.

Full description

Pressure ulcers are a significant healthcare problem for the growing number of nursing home residents in the United States and around the world. Pressure ulcers diminish quality of life, exact a devastating loss of function, increase the risk of death in geriatric populations and raise healthcare costs. Costs for the management of pressure ulcers in the US likely exceeds $6.4 billion annually, with a prevalence of approximately 12% in the high risk LTC population. A previous clinical trial at the University of Pittsburgh studied the effects of seat cushions on pressure ulcer incidence and found that when a skin protection seat cushion is used with a properly fitted wheelchair there is a significant reduction in incidence. The data led the investigators to question whether having a properly fitted wheelchair also has a significant effect on pressure ulcer incidence. This clinical trial investigate this question by randomizing subjects into a control group that receives a skin protection cushion and wheelchair training for use in their facility supplied wheelchair, or a treatment group that receives a skin protection cushion, wheelchair training and a new custom-fitted wheelchair. We expect that the treatment group will have a lower incidence of pressure ulcers.

Enrollment: 258 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 60+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Male or female nursing home resident 60 years of age and older
2. A Braden score of less than or equal to 18
3. A combined Braden Activity and Mobility Subscale score less than or equal to 5
4. Absence of ischial and sacral area pressure ulcers (see definition of pressure ulcer)
5. A tolerance for total daily wheelchair sitting time of greater than or equal to 6 hours (not continuous)
6. Ability to accommodate seating and positioning needs with the wheelchair selected for use in this study (Breezy Ultra 4)
7. Informed written consent

Exclusion criteria

1. Body weight exceeding 250 lbs.
2. Hip width exceeding 20 in.
3. Wheelchair seating requirements for additional head support, seat depth > 20 inches, elevated leg rests or severe orthopedic deformities of the pelvis, lower extremities or back that exceed the accommodating capability of the Breezy Ultra 4 wheelchair.
4. Current use of any cushioning material(s) other than a standard cushion, a folded pad, or a pillow (standard cushion as defined by HCPCS code for Standard Cushions, i.e., non-skin protection cushion)
5. Current use of a HCPCS code K0004 wheelchair

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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258 participants in 2 patient groups

Custom-Fitted Lightweight Wheelchair & Cushion

Experimental group

Description:

Receive a new custom-fitted lightweight wheelchair, skin protection cushion and wheelchair skills training

Treatment:

Device: Lightweight wheelchair

Cushion Only

Other group

Description:

Receive a skin protection cushion and wheelchair training, but remain in facility-issued wheelchair

Treatment:

Device: Skin Protection Cushion